Personal Development:

Knowing Oneself
Lesson 2
 Self-awareness
•Self-awareness is an understanding of
oneself as unique from others. As an
individual, we commonly observe, and
undeniably, judge other people’s manners,
beliefs, and lifestyle.
• One of the most common self-report measures of self-
esteem is taken from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem
Scale. Indicated below is a list of statements dealing
with your general feelings about yourself. Kindly
encircle your answer on how strongly you agree or
disagree with each statement.
4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
 Guide Questions

1. What item do you find

comfortable to answer?
2. Does this activity determine your
general feelings? Why or why not?
 Adolescence

• It is the period when a young individual develops from a

child into an adult.
• There are many changes that can happen to an adolescent
like you and some of those are: how you look, how you
take your role in the community, how other people expect
you in making decisions on your own, and how you
perceive yourself.
• Although the "Self" is one of the factors of what we thought
about ourselves, it is also the result of what we think and/or
do.
• Many people believe that we are the product of our own
experiences. Those experiences shape our unique qualities and
habits that define who we as a person and differ from others.
• Your features or own qualities that made you a
unique are characteristics; when you do something
repeatedly and regularly it is a habit; and
experiences are the skills or knowledge you have
gained because you have done it already from the
past.
•Now let us focus on when and how our
characteristics, habits, and experiences
develop and manifest by identifying some
of the factors that may affect a person’s
“Self”.
 SELF-ESTEEM
• Self-esteem is your evaluation of your own worth. It may be
positive or negative.
• Positive self-esteem is the valuation that is pleasing and
acceptable according to your standard and that of others,
while negative self-esteem is the opposite which is feeling
distraught or down and unaccepted by others.
 Self-Esteem
• Our self-concept will contain many positive
thoughts and we will have high self-esteem if we
have completed an important task, done something
that we believe is valuable or important, or if we
feel accepted and respected by others.
 Self-Esteem

•Thus, self-esteem does not imply that

one believes that he or she is better than
others, only that he or she is a person of
worth (Diener & Lucas 2017).
• Our self-esteem may change from time to time
depending on the situation we encounter in our
daily life.
• Since it can be partly a trait that someone can
possess, it depends on how you perceive the
things coming your way.
 SELF-EFFICACY
• Efficacy has a specific impact on behavior and
emotions, allowing people to effectively manage
problems and achieve desired outcomes.
• It is your desire to influence something specific.
• It's a self-confidence in your ability to attain your most
significant goal.
 Self-Efficacy
•The greater the likelihood of achieving a
positive outcome, the stronger the belief.
•For example, if you want to get a better
grade and are secure in your belief, it will
happen.
 Difference between Self-esteem and Self-
efficacy

• Self-esteem is the measure of how much you like or

"esteem" yourself, or how much you believe you are a
decent and worthwhile person.
• Self-efficacy, on the other hand, refers to your belief in
your ability to succeed and perform well in various areas
of life, such as education, work, and relationships (Syrett
2020).
•You can perform a certain job or achieving a
specific goal by means of these FIVE (5)
DIFFERENT WAYS THAT INFLUENCED
SELF-EFFICACY, from the ideas of Albert
Badura, a professor, and a psychologist.
 1. Performance Experiences
• If you are good at achieving your specific
goal, then you probably think that you will
achieve it again.
• When the opposite happens, if you fail, you
will often think that you will fail again.
 2. Vicarious Performances

•If others achieved their goal or

specific task, then you'll come to
believe that you will also achieve
your goal.
 3. Verbal Persuasion
• It is when people tell you whether they
believe or not on what you can do or cannot
do.
• The effect of your self-efficacy will depend
on how that person matters to you.
 4. Imaginal Performances

•When you imagine yourself

doing well, then it will happen.
 5. The Affective States & Physical
Sensations
• If your mood or emotion (e.g. shame) and physical state
(e.g. shaking) come together, it will affect your self-
efficacy.
• If negative mood connects with negative physical
sensation, the result will be negative.
• And if it is positive, most likely the result will be positive.
 SELF AND IDENTITY
• According to William James, a psychologist, “the self is
what happens when I reflect upon ME".
• (mirror)
• Taylor described the self as a Reflective Project. How
we see ourselves is geared toward improving ourselves
depending on a lot of factors.
Dan McAdam, a psychologist, reiterated
that even there are many ways on how we
reflect to improve ourselves, it brings us
back to these three (3) categories:
 1. Self as Social Actor
•We are portraying different roles and
behaving for every type/set of people in
front of us since we all care about what
people think about us.
•It is practically for social acceptance.
 2. Self as Motivated Agent
• People act based on their purpose.
• They do things based on their own dreams, desires,
and planned goals for the future.
• This, though, is not easily identifiable since it is
self-conceptualized, unless it was shared with us.
 3. Self as Autobiographical Author

•He/she as the creator of his/her own

entire life story.
• It is about how oneself is developed
from his/her past, up to the present, and
what he/she will become in the future.
 Judgment and Decision Making
• As an individual, you are expected to act and
decide on your own.
• Most people tend to decide based on the intuitions
and available information that could be a hindrance
in making a wise decision and that could be a
habit.
 Judgment and Decision Making
• It is recommended that people think through critical judgement
or decision.
• Unfortunately, we don't always do so. (Jhangiani 2020) Many
of us place far more trust in our instincts than we should.
• And, even when we try to think logically, the way we enter
data into formal decision-making procedures is frequently
biased.
 Judgment and Decision Making
• For instance, you applied for different courses in six (6)
different universities, and you were able to qualify in all.
• Now, how will you decide? To help you, the idea of
Bazerman and Moore in 2013 reiterated by Jhangiani
that suggests the Six Steps on How to Make a Rational
Decision:
 Judgment and Decision Making
• 1. Define the Problem (select your most desired course);
• 2. Identify the criteria necessary to judge the multiple
options (list things to be considered like location,
facilities, prestige, etc.);
• 3. Weight the criteria (rank the criteria based on its
importance to you);
 Judgment and Decision Making
• 4. Generate alternatives (the schools that accepted
you);
• 5. Rate each alternative on each criterion (rate each
school on the criteria you have identified); and
• 6. Compute the optimal decision
• Even the most significant judgments are
frequently based on limited information and
intuition.
• A totally reasonable judgment or decision
requires a careful, systematic process.
 Activity: Some “One” Dear
• Dear _____________,
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