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    Moraxella

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    theachanrith2099
    Moraxella

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    Moraxella

    Uploaded by

    theachanrith2099
    5 views13 pages
    Moraxella

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Moraxella

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views13 pages

    Moraxella

    Uploaded by

    theachanrith2099
    Moraxella

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Moraxella

    Group 1
    I/Description
    II/Pathogenesis
    III/Transmission
    IV/Clinical signs
    V/Diagnostic
    VI/គ្រប់គ្រង ព្យាបាលជម្ងឺ
    VII/Prophylaxis
    I/ Description
    Moraxella catarrhalis is a type of bacteria that can cause infections in
    children as well as adults who have weakened immune systems.

    Moraxella catarrhalis:
    -Gram: (-) diplococci (in pairs)
    -Aerobic, non motile
    -Oxidase: (+)
    II/Pathogenesis

    Moraxella catarrhalis is considered an opportunistic pathogen, meaning it primarily causes disease in


    individuals who have weakened immune systems or certain risk factors, such as existing respiratory
    conditions. While often a part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, it can become pathogenic
    under certain circumstances.
    III/Transmission

    1. Person-to-Person Contact
    • The primary mode of transmission.
    • Spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes
    2. Close Contact
    • Facilitated by living in close quarters.
    • Common in households, daycare centers, and long-term care facilities.
    3. Contaminated Surfaces
    • Less common mode of transmission.
    • Occurs when a person touches surfaces contaminated with respiratory secretions
    and then touches their face, especially the nose or mouth.
    4. Asymptomatic Carriers
    • Some individuals carry the bacteria in their respiratory tract without showing
    symptoms.
    • These carriers can still spread the bacteria to others.
    IV/Clinical signs
    Moraxella infections, particularly those caused by *Moraxella catarrhalis*, can present with a variety of clinical symptoms
    depending on the site of infection. Here's some:

    1. Respiratory Tract Infections:


    -It mays cause pneumonia particularly in older adults with COPD and underlaying condition such as diabetes .
    - Otitis media and complication (rupture of tympanic membrane, mastoiditis ), sinusite
    3. Conjunctivitis: eyes redness , irritation, discharge
    4.Central Nervous System Infection , endocarditis and bacteremia : rare

    In general, *Moraxella catarrhalis* is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning it often causes infections in people with underlying
    health conditions or weakened immune systems.
    V/Diagnostic
    laboratory diagnosis:
    -Specimens: The specimens that may be used for isolation of M. catarrhalis are: sputum
    specimens, eye swab and ear swab.
    -Microscop:
    In Gram-stained smear it appears as Gram-negative diplococci with adjacent sides flattened, and sometimes tetrads
    are formed.
    -Culture:
    Most strains grow on nutrient agar, blood agar or chocolate agar and they produce small colonies on blood agar after
    24 hours of incubation but show poor or no growth on MacConkey agar.
    The colonies on blood agar move when pushed with wire loop.
    It can be differentiated from other Neisseria
    species by its lack of carbohydrate fermentation and by its production of DNase.
    Imaging Studies

    X-rays or CT Scans:
    -These may be used in cases of sinusitis or pneumonia to assess the extent of infection and inflammation.
    VI/គ្រប់គ្រង ព្យាបាលជម្ងឺ

    1/antibiotic
    2/ Management of complications
    VII/Prophylaxis
    No Vaccination available
    General prophylactic include
    • Early detection of cases
    • Treatment of both partners
    • Tracing of contacts
    • Health education for safe sexual contacts
    Thank you

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