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Light and Color

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Rubielyn Galangga
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26 views54 pages

Light and Color

Uploaded by

Rubielyn Galangga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ligh

Where does light come


from?

Our major
light source:
the Sun
Where else does light come from?
Sorting light sources
Natural vs. Man-made
(artificial)
Are these light sources?

moon mirror
water

These items are not light sources, instead they


are reflecting light from other sources.
Luminous and non-luminous objects

A luminous object is one that produces light.


A non-luminous object is one that reflects light.

The Sun Lights


The Moon Lamps
Mirrors People
Lasers Campfires
Objects
Luminous and non-luminous objects

Non – luminous
Luminous objects objects

-The Sun -The Moon


- Lamps - Mirrors
- Lights - People
- Lasers - Objects
- Campfires
light
How does light travel?
source
Light travels in straight lines:

Laser
Light travels VERY FAST – around
300,000 kilometres per second.

At this speed it can


go around the world 8
times in one second.
Light travels much faster than sound. For example:

1) Thunder and lightning


start at the same time,
but we will see the
lightning first.

2) When a starting pistol


is fired we see the
smoke first and then
hear the bang.
How does light form shadows?

light light
source source

Light rays travel in straight lines, radiating out from the


light source.
If rays are blocked by an opaque object a shadow forms
where the light cannot reach.
If the light source is moved closer to the object, more
light is blocked and a larger shadow is formed.
Shadows
Shadows are places where light is “blocked”:

Rays of light
How does sunlight cause shadows?
Looking North,
12am
2pm
The position of the
10am the Sun appears
to rise in the
Sun effects
3pmthe 9am
East...
position and length of
the shadows created.
4pm 8am

7pm 6am
Thanks to this
natural phenomenon a
...and travel sundial is able to tell
across the sky us the time, as long
until it sets in the as it is a sunny day!
West.
EFFECTS OF
MATERIALS ON
LIGHT
Transparent objects allow you to
see clearly through them.
Translucent objects only let some
light through them. You cannot see
clearly through a translucent object.
Opaque objects do not let any light
through them. You cannot see
through them.
PROPERTIES OF
LIGHT
How does light reflect?

on
of f
Angle of incidence

Angle of reflection

The ‘angle of
reflection’ is
always equal to
the ‘angel of
incidence’.
Light can only be reflected in
straight lines.

on
of f
Reflection of Light
Reflection from a mirror:

Normal

Incident ray Reflected ray

Angle of Angle of
incidence reflection

Mirror
The Law of Reflection

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection

In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at


____ _____ angle it hits it.

The
same !!!
Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection

Smooth, shiny surfaces


have a clear reflection:

Rough, dull surfaces have


a diffuse reflection.

Diffuse reflection is when


light is scattered in
different directions
How do we see things?

We see things
because they
reflect light into our
eyes:

Homework
DISPERSION

The process by which light is


separated into colors

PRISM
Why do we see the colors of the
rainbow?
The colors of the rainbow:

Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
REFRACTION

Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to


travelling in a different _________. A medium is
something that waves will travel through. When a pen is
placed in water it looks like this:

In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water
and are _____, causing the pen to look odd. The two
mediums in this example are ______ and _______.
Words – speed up, water, air, bent, medium
SCATTERING OF LIGHT

What makes the sunset and


sunrise red?

What makes the sky blue?


Or the clouds white?
What makes the sky blue?
• Molecules in What makes sunset
atmosphere scatter and sunrise red?
light rays.

• Shorter wavelengths (blue, NOON


violet) are scattered more • less atmosphere
easily. • less scattering
• blue sky, yellow
sun

SUNSET
• more atmosphere
• more scattering
• orange-red sky & sun
POLARIZATION

Light waves whose vibrations are


confined to parallel planes - - -
POLARIZED
DIFFRACTION

Scattering of light as it pass


through small opening/small
slit, around sharp edges or
corners.
SPECTRA AND
COLOR
Color
Color is the
perceptual quality
of light.

The human eye can


distinguish almost
ten million colors.
How do we see color?
light
source Light from
most light
sources looks
white, but
actually
contains all
the colours of
the spectrum.
Seeing color
The color an object appears depends on the colors of
light it reflects.

For example, a red book only reflects red light:

White Only red light


light is reflected
Primary Colors of Light:
Red, Green, Blue-combine to white
Secondary colors of Light:
cyan, magenta, and yellow-
also combine to white.
Adding colors
White light can be split up to make separate colours.
These colours can be added together again.

The primary colours of light are red, blue and green:

Adding blue and red Adding blue and


makes magenta green makes cyan
(purple) (light blue)

Adding red Adding all


and green three makes
makes yellow white again
A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light
(and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):

Purple light

A white hat would reflect all seven colours:

White
light
Using colored light
If we look at a coloured object in colored
light we see something different. For
example, consider a football kit:

Shirt looks red

White
light

Shorts look blue


In different colors of light this kit would look different:

Red
Shirt looks red
light

Shorts look black

Shirt looks black


Blue
light

Shorts look blue


Some further examples:
Colour object
Object Colour of light
seems to be
Red Red
Red socks Blue Black
Green Black
Red Black
Blue teddy Blue
Green
Red
Green camel Blue
Green
Red
Magenta book Blue
Green
Now explain to your partner:

What is the
Whybetween
difference does an Why does the
orange
light from look a
the Sun Sun rise in the
How does a
different
and light from the colour East and set in
periscope
moon? to a banana? the West?
work?

Why can’t we
see anything
without a
light source?
If a blue and yellow
flashlight strike a white
object at the same time,
what color will the object
appear?

White light
If red is subtracted from
white, what color remains?

Yellow= Red + Green = White – Blue


Cyan= Green + Blue= White – Red
Magenta= Red + Blue= White - Green
What color will a blue ball
appear if a red light only
strikes it and why?

=>
Color of light is an additive
process with respect to
frequency. Why?

The primary colors when


added together give white
light.
When magenta and cyan
pigments are mixed what
color results?

blue
Pigment is a subtractive
color process. Why?

Colors are formed by absorbing


(taking away) certain
frequencies from white light.
The absence of a reflected light
wave appears as black color.

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