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11 - Human Memory-1

Human memory

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Jatin Dahiya
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26 views16 pages

11 - Human Memory-1

Human memory

Uploaded by

Jatin Dahiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Memory

Dr. Purshottam
Department of Social Work
KUK
Let’s define memory…
•Memory is defined as: the mental ability of
retaining and recalling past experience;
•The act or an instance of remembering;
recollection.
•Our 5 Senses (vision, hearing, touch, taste,
smell) help us to receive and record
information. The recorded information is
sorted in our brains. The recorded
information becomes our "memory".
Conti..
• Memory is our ability to encode, store, retain
and subsequently recall information and past
experiences in the human brain.
• Memory is vital to experience. Without
memory, we are not us. If we could not
remember past events, we could not learn or
develop language, relationships, nor personal
identity.
• Memory creates continuity.
Nature of memory..
• The process of encoding a memory begins when we are born
and occurs continuously.
• For something to become a memory, it must first be picked up
by one or more of our senses. A memory starts off in short-
term storage.
• We learn how to tie our shoe, for example. Once we have the
process down, it goes into our long-term memory and we can
do it without consciously thinking about the steps involved.
• 1st phase- Memory Encoding (process of getting, or taking
info.)
• 2nd phase-Memory Storage (process of keeping encoded info.)
• 3rd phase- Memory Retrieval (process of remembering stored
information as outputs)
Sensory Memory
• This is the first stage of memory
• It is the shortest-term element of memory.
• The ability to look at an item for a second and then
remember what it looked like.
• It is processed approximately 200-500 milliseconds
after an item is perceived.
• Without sensory memory we would be unable to cope
with the massive bombardment of information from
the environment that continually assaults our senses.
Short-term Memory (Working Memory)
•Is where memory is recalled without
practicing, something that happened recently.
•Short Term Memory is remembering
something that you recently saw or heard.
• STM the memory remains in our conscious
and pre-conscious level for less than 30
seconds.
•In order to remember the same information at
a later time, your brain transfers this
information from your Short Term Memory to
Long Term Memory.
Long-Term Memory
• Is the ability to store more information for long
periods of time (life times) like phone numbers,
names and address from when we were kids.
• long-term memory can store much larger quantities
of information for potentially unlimited duration
(sometimes a whole life span). Its capacity is
immeasurably large.
• Long-term memory is often divided into two further
main types: explicit (or declarative) memory and
implicit (or procedural) memory.
1. Declarative memory (“knowing
what”)
• (“knowing what”) is memory of facts and
events, and refers to those memories that can
be consciously recalled.
• It is sometimes called explicit memory, since it
consists of information that is explicitly stored
and retrieved.
• Declarative memory can be further sub-divided
into episodic memory and semantic memory.
1.1 Episodic Memory
• Represents our memory of experiences and
specific events in time in a serial form, from
which we can reconstruct the actual events that
took place at any given point in our lives. It is the
memory of autobiographical events (times,
places, associated emotions and other
contextual knowledge) that can be explicitly
stated. Individuals tend to see themselves as
actors in these events, and the emotional charge
and the entire context surrounding an event is
usually part of the memory, not just the bare
facts of the event itself.
Some examples of episodic memory:

• Where you were and the people were with


you……..
• Your beach vacation last summer
• The first time you traveled by plane
• Your first day at a new job
• The restaurant you went to on your first date
with your spouse
1.2 Semantic Memory
• on the other hand, is a more structured record of
facts, meanings, concepts and knowledge about
the external world that we have acquired. It refers
to general factual knowledge, shared with others
• Semantic memories are simple knowledge. It
therefore includes such things as types of food,
capital cities, social customs, functions of objects,
vocabulary, understanding of mathematics, etc.
Much of semantic memory is abstract and
relational and is associated with the meaning of
verbal symbols.
Some examples of semantic memory
include:
• Knowledge that the sky is blue
• Knowing how to use a knife and fork
• Remembering what dog is
• Recalling that prime minister Rajeev Gandhi
was ……….
• 1 year has 12 months
2. Procedural memory (“knowing how”)

• is the unconscious memory of skills and how to do


things, particularly the use of objects or movements of
the body, such as playing a guitar or riding a bike. It is
composed of automatic sensory motor behaviors that are
so deeply embedded that we are no longer aware of
them, and, once learned, these "body memories" allow
us to carry out ordinary motor actions automatically.
• Procedural memory is sometimes referred to as implicit
memory, because previous experiences aid in the
performance of a task without explicit and conscious
awareness of these previous experiences, although it is
more properly a subset of implicit memory
Some examples of procedural memory:

• Playing piano
• Ice skating
• Playing tennis
• Swimming
• Climbing stairs
Thanks

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