In tro d u ctio n

to
Computers
Computers are powerful tools that have revolutionized the way we work,
communicate, and access information. They are essential in today's
digital world, enabling us to perform a wide range of tasks with speed,
efficiency, and precision.
Ke y C om p u te r C om p o n e nts
Motherboa rd P ro c e s s o r ( C P U ) Memory (RAM)

The motherboard is the central The processor, also known as the Random Access M emory (RAM) is
hub that connects all the essential Central Processing Unit (CPU), is the temporary storage used by
components of a computer, the "brain" of the computer, the computer to store and access
allowing them to communicate and responsible for executing data and instructions needed for
work together seamlessly. instructions and performing immediate use.
calculations.
Motherboard a n d Its
F u n c ti o n s
1 Connecti vity
The motherboard provides the necessary ports and slots to
connect various components, such as the processor, RAM, storage
devices, and expansion cards.

2 Powe r Distributi on
It distributes power from the power supply to all the
connected components, ensuring they have the necessary
electricity to function.

3 D a t a Ma n a geme nt
The motherboard facilitates the communication and data transfer
between the connected components, allowing them to work
together seamlessly.
Processor a n d
C omputing
Performance
Clock S p e e d
The processor's clock speed, measured in gigahertz (GHz),
determines how quickly it can execute instructions and perform
calculations.

C ore C ount
The number of processing cores in a processor affects its ability to
handle multiple tasks simultaneously, enhancing overall
computing performance.

Architecture
The processor's architecture, such as x86 or ARM, determines the
type of instructions it can execute and its compatibility with different
software and operating systems.
R A M a n d Temp orar y
Storage
1 Loading
RA M temporarily stores the data and instructions that
the processor needs to access quickly for immediate
use.

2 P roc e s s in g
The processor can quickly retrieve and process the data
stored in RAM, enabling efficient computing performance.

3 C le a r in g
When the computer is turned off, the data stored in RA M is
cleared, and the temporary storage is reset for the next
use.
H a r d D i s k a n d Permanent Storage
D a t a Storage Capacity Access Speed

Hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid- Hard drives can store large S S D s typically have faster
state drives (SSDs) provide amounts of data, ranging from data access and retrieval
permanent storage for files, hundreds of gigabytes to several speeds compared to
programs, and the operating terabytes, allowing users to save traditional HDDs, improving
system, even when the computer a vast collection of files. overall system performance.
is turned off.
P ow er Supply a n d
P ow er Source
Conversion
The power supply unit (PSU) converts the alternating current (AC)
from the wall outlet to the direct current (DC) required by the
computer's internal components.

Efficiency
Efficient power supplies help reduce energy consumption and
heat generation, improving the overall efficiency and longevity of
the computer system.

Reliability
A high-quality power supply ensures a stable and reliable source
of power, preventing unexpected shutdowns or damage to the
computer's components.
G ra p h i c s C a r d a n d Visual
Displays

Gaming
A dedicated graphics card, or GPU, is essential for smooth and
immersive gaming experiences, handling complex visual rendering and
processing tasks.

M e d i a Creati on
Graphics cards also play a crucial role in multimedia applications, such
as video editing, 3D modeling, and animation, where high-performance
graphics processing is required.

Visual O u t p ut
The graphics card connects to one or more display devices, such
as monitors or TVs, to provide a high-quality visual output for the
user.
C om p u te r Peripherals: Keyboard, Mouse,
a n d Monitor
1 2 3

I n p u t D ev i c e s D i s p l ay D e v i c e Integrated System
The keyboard and mouse are the The monitor, or display, is the Together, the input devices
primary input devices, allowing primary output device, presenting (keyboard and mouse) and the
the user to interact with the the computer's visual display device (monitor) form an
computer and provide data and information to the user in a clear integrated system that enables
commands. and legible manner. seamless interaction between the
user and the computer.
C om p u te r Maintenance a n d C a r e
Cleaning 1
Regular cleaning of the computer's
internal components and external
surfaces helps maintain its performance 2 Soft ware Updates
and extend its Keeping the computer's operating system,
lifespan. drivers, and software up-to-date ensures
optimal performance and security.
Backups 3
Regularly backing up important data helps
protect against data loss in the event of
hardware failure or other unexpected
issues.