Notes Mixtures and Pure Substances

PURE
SUBSTANCES
VS.
MIXTURES
WHAT IS A PURE
SUBSTANCE?
A pure substance is a classification of matter that includes elements and
compounds
Pure substances cannot be separated by physical means such as distillation,

filtration, or sifting.
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
Pure substance:
1. Element
2. Compound
Not one of those? NOT A PURE

SUBSTANCE!
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
ELEMENT:
One or more of the same type of
atom.
Ex: N N2
Both of these examples are called an element as we only have the element Nitrogen (N)
and
nothing else.
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
COMPOUND:
Two or more atoms chemically combined, at least one is
different.
Ex: CO 2 (Carbon NaCl (salt)

Dioxide)
Both of these examples are types of

compounds.
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
MOLECULE : 2 or more atoms chemically

combined .
Ex: N2 N3 H 2O
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
Ex: N2 N3
(The first 2 examples of a molecule are more specifically

called an “Element” because they are made up of only 1Type
of atom.)
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
Ex: H 2O
(This 3 RD example is also a molecule, as it has 2 or more atoms

combined. But a more specific name for this type of molecule, is
a compound. )
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
The words “ELEMENT” and “COMPOUND” are specific types

of molecules.
*ALL
OF THE BOXES BELOW
SHOW AN EXAMPLE OF A
PURE SUBSTANCE
ELEMENT (C) C O MP OUN D (CO 2 )
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
Examples of pure substances:
 Salt (NaCl)
 Sugar
 H 2 O (Water)
 C 6 H 12 O 6 (Glucose = Sugar)
 ELEMENTS (like gold, silver, oxygen, nitrogen…any on the

periodic table)
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE
MIXTURE: two or more pure substances thrown together.

All substances keep their own identities.
*Example: When I mix sugar and water, I get the mixture sugar-water. The sugar
still
has its own identity (it is sweet), the water still has its own identity (its still water).
Nothing new is created, and both can be separated physically (boiling).
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE
There are two types of
mixtures:
1. Homogenous
2. Heterogeneous
Pure Substance Mixtures
HETEROGENOUS HOMOGENOUS
ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS MIXTURES MIXTURES
Elements are the Compounds are All components of Homogeneous

simplest pure pure substances the mixture are mixtures
substances. that are made of visible because they Components cannot
Examples: more than one do not mix together be distinguished
• O-Oxygen element bound Particles not from each other,
• H- Hydrogen together. distributed evenly appear as one
• Na- Sodium Examples: substance
• C- Carbon • H2O and CO2 EX: sand and water Particles distributed
• Fe- Iron vegetable soup evenly throughout
• Pb- Lead A molecule is oil and water
The smallest formed when two EX: air, salt water,
particle of an or more atoms 10 karat gold
element that has chemically
the properties of combine. *SOLUTIONS
that element is an
atom.
2 types of mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures
 All components of  Components cannot be
the mixture are distinguished from
visible because they each other, appear as
one substance
do not mix together  Particles distributed
 Particles not evenly throughout
distributed evenly
EX: air, salt water, 10
EX: trail mix, karat gold
vegetable soup,
oil and water
How can mixtures be classified?
heterogeneous
•A heterogeneous homogeneous
• A homogeneous
mixture has the same
mixture is one that
composition throughout.
does not have a
uniform composition.
How can mixtures be classified?
• A suspension is a heterogeneous
mixture.
• Particles in a suspension are spread
throughout a liquid or gas, but are
too large to stay mixed unless
shaken or stirred.
• Particles settle in suspensions.
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture in
which one substance is dissolved in
another substance.
• Colloids have particles that are unevenly
spread throughout the mixture. (looks
homogenous but really heterogeneous)
• particles in colloids are too small to settle
out of the mixture.
WHAT IS A HOMOGENOUS
MIXTURE?
• A mixture that is evenly distributed
• Commonly called solutions.
• Solution = Solute + Solvent
Solute: “stuff” being dissolved
Solvent: “stuff” doing the
dissolving
• The solvent is present in greater

quantity
• The solute is present in the lesser
quantity
• Ex: Salt water: Salt = solute,

Water = solvent
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE
ALL MIXTURES ARE PHYSICALLY COMBINED

AND C A N BE PHYSICALLY SEPARATED .
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE
Ways to physically separate a mixture:
There are a lot of ways to separate mixtures. Physical manipulation separates using
a spoon or any scooping material or by picking. The use of magnet can be done to
separate the metallic materials from nonmetallic materials. Filtration is the separation
of an insoluble solid from a liquid mixture using filter paper. In decantation, the large
particles of insoluble solid are separated from the liquid mixture. Evaporation
separates the soluble solid from the liquid component of the solution by evaporating
the liquid substance.
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE
What is the biggest differences between a mixture and a pure
substance?
Mixtures Pure substance
Are physically mixed Chemically combined

together (bonded)
Can be physically Must be chemically

separated separated
CLASSIFYING
MATTERMatter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds
Rocky Road
air, tea
ice cream,
muddy water
Fe, O
H2O, CO2
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 1:
Which substance is not a
compound?
a. Ne (Neon) c. SiO2(Silicon dioxide)
b. HC N (Hyd r o g e n c ya ni d e ) d. H2O2(Hydrogen Peroxide)
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 1:
Which substance is not a
compound?
a. Ne c. SiO2
b. HC N d.
H2O2
MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 2:
The components of a homogeneous mixture could be described
as
a. inseparable c. chemically
bonded
b. evenly mixed
d. unevenly mixed
MIXTURES AND PURE SUBSTANCE
REVIEW
Question 2:
The components of a homogeneous mixture could be described
as
a. inseparable c. chemically
bonded
b. evenly mixed
d. unevenly mixed
REVIEW
Question 3:
Iron filings are thrown into a pile of sand. What is the best way
to separate this mixture?
A. Use a magnet to pick up the sand.
B.Sift through the sand for all of the iron.
C. Use a magnet to pick up the iron filings.
REVIEW
Question 3:
Iron filings are thrown into a pile of sand. What is the best way
to separate this mixture?
A. Use a magnet to pick up the sand.
B.Sift through the sand for all of the iron.
C. Use a magnet to pick up the iron filings.
REVIEW
Question 4:
A substance contains two components joined by physical means.

Which best describes the substance?
A. element
B.compound
C. mixture
D. molecule
REVIEW
Question 4:
A substance contains two components joined by physical means.

Which best describes the substance?
A. element
B.compound
C. mixture
D. molecule
REVIEW
Question 5:
Which best describes
water?
A. a compound
B.an element
C. a heterogeneous mixture
D. a homogeneous mixture
REVIEW
Question 5:
Which best describes
water?
A. a compound
B.an element
C. a heterogeneous mixture
D. a homogeneous mixture
REVIEW
Question 6:
Which image below is a
mixture?
C D
A B
REVIEW
Question 6:
Which image below is a

mixture? A B C D
Element Compound molecule mixture of elements +

compounds

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PURE

Pure substances cannot be separated by physical means such as distillation,

Not one of those? NOT A PURE

Ex: CO 2 (Carbon NaCl (salt)

Both of these examples are types of

MOLECULE : 2 or more atoms chemically

(The first 2 examples of a molecule are more specifically

(This 3 RD example is also a molecule, as it has 2 or more atoms

The words “ELEMENT” and “COMPOUND” are specific types

 ELEMENTS (like gold, silver, oxygen, nitrogen…any on the

MIXTURE: two or more pure substances thrown together.

Elements are the Compounds are All components of Homogeneous

• The solvent is present in greater

• Ex: Salt water: Salt = solute,

ALL MIXTURES ARE PHYSICALLY COMBINED

Are physically mixed Chemically combined

Can be physically Must be chemically

A substance contains two components joined by physical means.

A substance contains two components joined by physical means.

Which image below is a

Element Compound molecule mixture of elements +

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