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Lec 3 Functions

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25 views23 pages

Lec 3 Functions

Uploaded by

zainkashif628
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATH-101

CALCULUS AND
ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
Atifa Kanwal
[email protected]
Office # 303, Faculty Block, SEECS, NUST
Example 7

A spherical balloon with radius inches has volume . Find a


function that represents the amount of air required to inflate the
balloon from a radius of inches to a radius of inches.
Some famous Functions/Curves and their
Graphs: Line
• Equation of a line passing through two points and is

• Slope intercept form is , is the slope and is .


• is equation of a line passing through origin.
Circle
• Circle: Equation of a circle
having center at and radius is

• Equation of a circle having


center at origin and radius is 𝑟
Parabola
General equation of Parabola is
o Linear Functions
o Power Functions
o Polynomials
o Rational Functions Identifying
o Algebraic Functions Functions
o Exponential Functions
o Logarithmic Functions
Section 1.4
o Odd Functions Thomas Calculus 11th Ed
o Even Functions
o Trigonometric Functions
1.Linear Functions
A function of the from , for constants and , is called a linear
function.
Graphically it is an array/family of straight lines.
• is family of lines passing through origin.
• is a straight lines parallel to at a distance from the origin.
• is a straight lines parallel to at a height from the origin.
Linear Functions :Examples
𝑦 =𝑚𝑥 𝑦 =𝑚𝑥 +𝑏

To draw graph of a line, take


two points on line and plot.
Then join them and extend
on both ends.
Linear Functions :Examples
𝑦 =𝑏 𝑥 =𝑎

𝑦 𝑥 =2

𝑥
Linear Functions :Examples
Example:
As dry air moves upward, it expands and cools. If the ground
temperature is and the temperature at a height of 1 km is ,
express the temperature (in ) as a function of the height (in
kilometers), assuming that a linear model is appropriate. Draw
the graph of the function . What is the temperature at a height
of 2.5 km?
2. Power Function
A function , whereis an integer, is called a power function.

There are following cases to consider.


• If
• If is an positive even integer.
• If is an positive odd integer.
• If is an negative even integer.
• If is an negative odd integer.
Power Function

It is a straight line passing through origin.


Power Function

• As power increases, it becomes flatter when and steeper


when .
• Domain:
• Range:
Comparison of different even powers

2
𝑦 =𝑥
4
𝑦 =𝑥
8
𝑦 =𝑥
6
𝑦 =𝑥
Power Function

• As power increases, it becomes flatter when and steeper when


• Domain:
• Range:
𝟗
𝒚 =𝒙
𝟕
𝒚 =𝒙
Comparison
of different
odd powers

𝟓
𝒚 =𝒙

𝟑
𝒚 =𝒙
Power Function

• As power decreases, it becomes flatter when and


steeper when .
• Domain:
• Range:
𝟏
Comparison 𝒚=
𝒙
𝟓

𝟏
of different 𝒚= 𝟕
𝒙
powers
𝟏
𝒚= 𝟑 𝟏
𝒙 𝒚=
𝒙
Power Function

• As power decreases, it becomes flatter when and steeper


when .
• Domain:
• Range:
Comparison of different powers

𝟏
𝒚= 𝟖
𝒙
𝟏
𝒚= 𝟒
𝒙

𝟏
𝒚= 𝟐
𝒙
𝟏
𝒚= 𝟔
𝒙
3. Polynomials
A function is called a polynomial if

where is a nonnegative integer and the numbers are real


constants called Coefficients of the polynomial.
If leading coefficient and , then is called the Degree of the
polynomial.
• Linear functions are polynomials of degree 1.

• Range is different for every function.


• Polynomials of different degrees have different graphical
behavior.
Examples
1. is polynomial of degree one.
2. is polynomial of degree three.
3. and in general is polynomial of degree zero.
4. is polynomial of degree 4.
4. Rational Functions 5. Algebraic Functions
A rational function is a quotient or An algebraic function is a
ratio of two polynomials. function constructed from
polynomials using algebraic
is the set of all real numberfor which operations (addition,
Examples: subtraction, multiplication,
, division and taking roots).
, Examples:
1.
2.
3.

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