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8 views16 pages

Maths

Uploaded by

chiragch3416
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name - Chirag Chaudhary

Class - 10th
Section – A
Roll no. - 10
Subject - Mathematics
Topic - Pair of Linear Equation in
two variables
Introduction
What are Linear Equations?
• Definition: A linear equation is an equation between two
variables that gives a straight line when plotted on a graph.
• Variables: Represent quantities that can change. Commonly
denoted as x and y.
• Constants: Fixed numbers that determine the position and slope
of the line. In the equation ax + by = c; a, b and c are constants.
Historical Background
Origin of Linear Equations:
 Ancient Greece: Euclid's contributions to geometry indirectly
laid the groundwork for linear equations.
 Diophantus of Alexandria: Known as the father of algebra, he
worked on equations that are now considered linear.
 17th Century: René Descartes developed the Cartesian
coordinate system, which made graphing linear equations
possible.
Graphical Representation
 Plotting Linear Equations:
 Cartesian Plane: Defined by an x-axis (horizontal) and y-axis (vertical).
 Plotting Steps:
 Find the x-intercept (set y = 0, solve for x).
 Find the y-intercept (set x = 0, solve for y).
 Plot both intercepts and draw the line through them.
 Example: For 2x+3y=6
 x-intercept: x=3
 y-intercept: y=2
 Draw the line through (3,0) and (0,2).
Pair of Linear Equations

 Definition of a Pair of Linear Equations:


 Simultaneous Equations: Two equations with
the same variables.
 Standard Form: a1 x + b1 y = c1 and a2x + b2y =
c2
 Example: 2x + 3y = 6 and x - y = 2
Methods of Solving
 Graphical Method:
 Steps:
 Plot both equations on the same graph.
 Identify the point of intersection.
 The coordinates of this point are the solution.
 Example:
 Plot 2x+3y=6 and x−y=2
 Intersection at (2, 0).
Algebraic Methods - Substitution

 Substitution Method:
 Steps:
 Solveone equation for one variable Substitute this
expression into the other equation.
 Solve for the remaining variable.
 Substitute back to find the other variable.
Algebraic Methods - Elimination

 Elimination Method:
 Steps:
 Multiply equations to align coefficients of one
variable.
 Add or subtract equations to eliminate that
variable.
 Solve for the remaining variable.
 Substitute back to find the other variable.
Comparison of Methods
 Advantages and Disadvantages:
 Graphical:
 Visual method.
 Good for understanding the concept.
 Limited accuracy for exact solutions.
 Substitution:
 Useful for simple equations.
 Can be cumbersome with complex equations.
 Elimination:
 Efficient for solving.
 Can be used for more complex systems.
Special Cases
 Types of Solutions:
 Unique Solution: Intersecting lines; one solution (x, y).
 Example: 2x+3y=6 and x−y=2 intersect at (2, 0).
 No Solution: Parallel lines; no points of intersection.
 Example: 2x+3y=6 and 2x+3y=8 are parallel.
 Infinitely Many Solutions: Coincident lines; all points on the
line are solutions.
 Example: 2x+3y=6 and 4x+6y=12.
Applications
 Real-World Applications:
 Economics:
 Supply and demand equations.
 Example: Supply: p=2q+5; Demand: p=−q+20.
 Equilibrium: Set equations equal and solve for p and q.
 Physics:
 Motion problems.
 Example: d=rt where d = distance, r = rate, t = time.
 Engineering:
 Circuit analysis using Kirchhoff's laws.
 Example: V=IR, where V = voltage, I = current, R = resistance.
Word Problems
 Formulating Equations from Word Problems:
 Steps:
Read the problem carefully.
Identify variables.
Translate words into equations.
Solve the equations.
Systems of Linear Equations in Various Fields

 Applications in Different Fields:


 Business:
 Break-even analysis.
 Cost and revenue equations.
 Science:
 Chemical reaction equations.
 Balancing chemical equations.
 Technology:
 Computer algorithms.
 Machine learning models.
Advanced Topics
 Introduction to Linear Programming:
 Basic Concepts:
 Optimization of a linear objective function.
 Subject to linear constraints.
 Applications:
 Resource allocation.
 Production planning.
Conclusion
 Final Thoughts:
 Understanding linear equations is fundamental
in various fields.
 Encouragement to explore further topics such
as linear algebra and linear programming.
“
THANK YOU
”
Have a nice day

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