Sex offence

Sex offence

Any act of commission punishable by law is called

offence & if it is related to sexual intimacy without

the consent is called sexual offence.

Classification

Sex offence

Natural Unnatural Sexual perversion

Natural sex offence

Sexual intimacy that follow the law of nature

Rape Incest Adultery

Unnatural sex offence

Sexual intimacy that against the law of nature

Sodomy Tribadism Bestiality Buccal coitus

Sexual perversion

Any deviation from the natural & unnatural process

is called sexual perversion or sexual deviation.

1. Sadism 6. Exhibitionism

2. Masochism 7. Masturbation

3. Necrophilia 8. Voyeurism

4. Fetishism 9. Frotterusim

5. Transvestism 10. Undinsm

Rape – ( S – 375 I.P.C)

A man is guilt of rape if he has sexual intercourse with

a woman

a. Against her will

b. Without consent

c. With her consent when consent is obtained by

putting her in fear of death or hurt.

d. With her consent, when consent is obtained

under intoxication or when woman is of

unsound mind & unable to understand the act

for which she has consented.

e. With her consent when she believes him to be

the person lawfully married to and the person

knows that he is not her husband.

f. With or without consent when she is <16 yrs

of age
Explanation -:

Sexual intercourse = genital union of male & female

It is lawfully accepted if married to each other

Exception – age of wife less than 15 yrs.

Fully penetration
Genital union of male & female –
Partial penetration
If they are not husband & wife unlawful , illegal

Rape
Two factor is very important for RAPE-:

1. Consent -:

Voluntary permission

It must be expressed or implied

Legally valid

A woman > 16 yrs of age can give valid consent

for sexual intercourse.

It should be obtained before the act is commenced

& full conscious state (not under intoxication)
2. Age

No age is safe for rape

In India any age of accused (male) – whether is capable

of committing rape

victim (female) – of any age

>16 yrs of age can give valid consent for sex.

>15 yrs if married, can give consent for sex by husband.

Types of rape –:

Statutory rape

It is the rape committed by a man on a girl who is

below the age of 16 yrs even with her consent. With

his wife when she is below 15 yrs of age.

Marital rape

It is forceful sexual intercourse with wife who is living

separately from him under a decree of separation or

any custom or usage without her consent.

Gang rape

When more than one person commit rape on a woman

it is called gang rape.

Custodial rape

When rape is committed on a woman by a person in

whose custody she is presumed to be kept safe.

It is observed that women are sometimes sexually

abused in jails, remand homes, hospitals.

Punishment of rape ( S – 376 IPC )
IPC Punishment

S – 376 IPC (1) Imprisonment not less than 7 yrs.

May extend to up to 10 years or
life, fine or without fine.

A. Who ever being a public servant

S – 376 IPC (2)
B. Who ever being a police official
C. Who ever being a jail official
D. Who ever being a hospital official
E. If the victim is below 12 years of
age.
F. If the victim is a pregnant women
G. If it is a gang rape
Punishment will be not less than 10
years imprisonment and it may
extent to life with or without fine.
 IPC Punishment

Marrital Rape – The

husband shall be punished
if he has sexual
intercourse with his own
376 – A IPC wife if she is saperated
due to the court verdict or
society custom will be
punished with
imprisonment up to 2
years only.
 IPC Punishment

Custodial Rape:
B. Whoever being a public
servant takes advantage of
his official position to induce
376 – B,C,D IPC or seduce a women who is
under his custody to have
sexual intercourse which is
not amounted to rape shall
be punishable with
imprisonment up to 5 years.
C. Who ever being a jail
official up to 5 years.
D. Who ever being a hospital
official up to 5 years
Exception:- If a female commits rape against a man
she is not punishable under 376 IPC but can be
booked under 354 IPC i.e Indecent assault up to 2
years only.

IPC 354 : Out raging of the modesty of a female.

Examples:
1.Keeping hands by a male over a female body who is
unknown to him.
2.In the name of Medical examination and treatment
unwantedly touching the private parts of female
(Breasts, Genital Organs by a male doctor)
3.An unlawful sexual act done by a female against a
male – Indesent assault.
Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013: Nirbhaya Act
The horrific gang-rape and the subsequent murder
of Nirbhaya (fearless) in December 2012, impelled
the Government of India to pass the Criminal Law
(Amendment) Act, 2013.
Important extracts of the act for examination purpose in
Under Graduate Exams:
OFFENCE EXISTING LAWS CRIMINAL LAW
(AMENDMENT) ACT, 2013
Rape Rape and Specific offence. Punishment
resulting in murder dealt 20 years to life imprisonment
death or with as two (rigorous imprisonment) or
vegetative separate death.
state offences.
Cont…,
 OFFENCE EXISTING LAWS CRIMINAL LAW
(AMENDMENT) ACT, 2013
Punishment 10 years to life 20 years to life imprisonment
for gang imprisonment (rigorous imprisonment) and fine
rape and fine. payable to the victim, that is
reasonable to meet medical
expenses.
Responsibil No specific Punishable with 1 year and/or
ity of provision. fine. In cases of acid attacks or
Hospital rape, all hospitals (public and
private) are required to
provide free medical
treatment to the victim and
immediately inform the police.

Cont…,
 OFFENCE EXISTING CRIMINAL LAW
LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2013
Acid Covered under Specific offence. Punishable
Attacks grievous hurt. with 10 years or life
Punishment: up imprisonment and reasonable
to 7years fine amount to meet medical
imprisonment. expenses.
Age of 16 Years
Consent for 18 years
Sexual
Intercourse
by a girl.

Cont…,
 OFFENCE EXISTING CRIMINAL LAW
LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2013
Marital rape Is not an offence if the wife
is over 16 years of
age.
Punishment 7 years to 10 years to life
for rape imprisonment and fine.
life imprisonment
and fine.
Examination of victim in a rape case-:

Avoid unnecessary delay

3 steps of examination

1. General procedure

2. General examination

3. Genital examination
Objectives: - To find the injuries which are suggestive of
Absence of consent (struggle marks)

To collect the trace evidences to forward to forensic

Science laboratory.

To treat the injuries of the victim

To terminate the pregnancy as a result of rape.

To give psychological, moral, social, assurance

(counselling)
1. General procedure
1. Proper authorization from police

2. Identification of the victim.

At least two mark of identification.

3. Date, place & time of examination.

4. Brought & identified by – police/ any relative

It is helpful as they are witness at the

time of examination.
5.Consent

Written consent must take before examination

Age of the victim must be more than 12 yrs

otherwise parents or guardian give consent.

6. Details of the victims

Name, alleged age, address,

Occupation, education etc

7. Statement by victim regarding the allegation.

8. History of

a) Menstrual history

b) Marital history

c) Past history of sexual experience

d) Date of last sexual act.

If the doctor is female, she can examine directly

without a lady attendant but if doctor is male, there

must one lady attendant.

2. General Examination:
Gait: If she is real rape victim she will have gaurded gait.
Clothes: Ask her to stand on white paper sheet and
request her to undress herself but never help by
yourself. This to be done in presence of third party,
while undressing the materials fallen on white sheet
(hair, buttons, pins,…) shall be collected, preserved and
handed over to the police for FSL Examination.
Observe the clothes whether they are torn, stained with
semen or blood or saliva or soil.
If the clothes are wet due to the stains they shall not be
dried under sun, but to be dried in shade to preserve
and forward to FSL
Injuries:- (Struggle Marks)

Young Child – Minimal external injuries

- Maximal Genital Injuries.

Adolescent Girl – Minimal external injuries

- Maximal Genital Injuries.

Nubile virgin - Maximal external and Genital

Injuries

Adult Deflorated Women – Maximal External Injuries

- Minimum Genital Injuries.
Injuries:
Abrasions ( Semi Circular ) : Over and around mouth
and face, over breast, over wrist, over outer and inner
parts of thigh.

Small Irregular abrasions are seen over the back of the

victim.

Contusions: Finger pulp contusions over wrists, upper

arms, breast, inner and upper portions of thigh.

Lacerations : Due to biting seen over the lips and

breasts.
Tear Laceration of hymen due to penetration of penis
and sometimes cervical lacerations also seen.

Common type of hymen laceration is posterior either

5,6,7 clock position.

Note : In young children rupture of hymen is sometimes

escape due to its high and deep situation.
1. Examination of clothing

Manner & state – not proper

Damage – tear, loss of buttons.

Stains – of blood, saliva, semen any.

2. Mental function

Gait / Behaviour / Memory

3. Age –
a) General examination

Height

Weight

Secondary sexual character

a) Pubic hair
b) Axillary hair
c) Breast development

b) Dental examination

Eruption of molar.
 c) Radiological examination
Ossification centre

3. Genital examination

Position of patient – lithotomy position

Proper illumination require for examination

Examination proper

a) Virgin victim
Vulva – redness, bruise, swelling, tear,
scratches, bleeding.
b) Hymen -

Site of tear

Degree of tear

Admissibility of finger

Recent rupture is of maximum corroborative

value.

c) Vagina

Bruise, tear, bleeding, discharge, foreign bodies

Rugosity
 d) Perineum
Any tear, scratch, bruise.

Swab from vagina is essential

b) Findings in a child victim
Due to anatomical disproportion in genitals of victim

and accused

Inflammation / abrasion / bruise of vulva

Inflammation of urethra

Hymen – torn / destroyed

Perineal tear – uncontrolled bleeding

Discharge of lesion – if STD

No signs of violence

c) Deflorated victim

Swab from vagina for spermatozoa.

Signs of Struggle ( more important )

External Injuries Minimum genital injuries

Scratches – Commonest injuries seen. Crescent /

Semicircular shaped scratches over the face, around
the mouth, over the neck, over the breasts over inner
and upper parts of thighs
Scratches are due to nails of accused

Irregular abrasions over the back of the body.

Due to ground or wall at the time of pinning
against the soil

Contusions are commonly seen finger pulp contusions

over the upper parts of arms, over the breasts over and
inner aspects of thighs also due to biting.

Lacerations – over the lips as a result of biting. Also

over breast may be seen in the vagina. Sometimes
cervix laceration is possible.
Hymen: Ruptured posteriorly at 6, 7 or 5 ‘O’ clock
position

Small children cannot resist and it is easy to handle

them – minimal injuries.

Adolescent girl: Minimal injuries as they are easy to

handle and they don’t know what is going to happen
till last minute

Adult Virgin: She knows what is going to happen and

gives maximum resistance.

Adult non virgin: She offers maximum resistance

maximum external injuries. Since she is already
a Deflorated woman – genital injuries are minimal
Genital Examination:

Ask the person to be in lithotomy position .

If needed local anesthesia should be used to

control pain.

Proper lighting must be there.

15-20 pubic hairs are cut at the root level and preserved
and sent to FSL.

Comb the pubic hair and any extra hair (from

the accused) should be collected and preserved.
Four vaginal swabs are collected

1) For detection of sperms.

2) For detection of motility of sperms

3) 3rd swab kept in dry test tube and in forwarded

to FSL to know acid phosphate level.

4) For detection of venereal disease.

1st 3 swabs are taken from posterior fornix vagina.

4th swab in case of adult victim is taken from the
cervix and urethra. In case of children is form the
vaginal canal (any where
II. Hymen Examination:

Digital examination

If hymen is intact after the introduction of little finger

there will be constriction feeling around the little finger.

If hymen is not intact, 2 to 3 fingers may be permitted

Examination of the hymen by Glaister Keen Rods or Globes:

Warm the globes to the body temperature and introduced

into the vagina

While withdrawing, the hymen is spread over the globe

and one can detect at which position rupture is present.
(6 ‘O’ clock or 5 ‘O’ clock)
III. Confirmation of sexual act:

a) Presence of Sperms – Confirmatory findings to say

sexual act has taken place.

To detect when act has taken place: -

1-6 hrs. Motility can be detected

Up to 48 hours – intact sperms are detected.

Up to 4-6 days – Only heads of sperms are

detected.
 At least in 2 conditions – sperms are absent even
after the sexual act.

1. Azospermia

2. Vasectomy

In the absence of the sperms acid phosphates

levels and colour test will confirm the sexual act.

a) Acid Phosphates Levels:

340 IU – Normal level in vagina.

But after sexual intercourse reaches up to 3000 IU

with in 1st 2 hours. Slowly comes down to by
14-16 hours.
b) P – 30 test: ( prostatic specific antigen test)

An antigen is prepared from the seminal plasma protein.

Suspected fluid + Anti P-30 – clumping.
This test is +Ve up to 14 hours. Detected in 1970.
Highly sensitive test. Not available in India
Colour Test:
Suspected solution + Sodium – α - napthaphenyl +
fast blue “B” dye
It will give purple colour to the suspected solution.
False positive conditions:
1.Watermelon juice
2.Juice of cauliflower
3.Fungal infections
4.Contraceptive lotions, creams, tablets.
Confirmation: Speed of the colour appearance in
sexual act within 30 sec. The colour test is positive
up to 48 hours after the sexual act.
Details of fourth swab”

Initial negative reaction or results is valuable.

Later if the result is +Ve. In indicates that the
woman acquired venereal disease only after
the sexual act.
Incubation period of various STD.

Gonorrhea – 1 to 9 days. + Ve Swab

Syphilis - 9 to 90 days, on blood exam (VDRL)

AIDS - After 3rd week of incident – Abrupt fall

of T cells – Significant.
V. Additional Information by genital examination
Labia majora and minora swollen and tender
on touch.

Little bleeding if hymen ruptured.

Cervical laceration is expected in presence

of total dryness.
Specimens to be collected from the victim:

1) Clothes

2) Nail scrapings

3) Blood sample

4) Vaginal swabs.

5) Pubic hair of the victim

6) Foreign hair collected by combings

7) Saliva of victim – if the victim or accused are

secretors blood groups can be detected from saliva.
Sequelae of rape

Death due to
- Shock due to emotion/ blunt force
- Haemorrhage from genital/ peritoneum

Suffocation/ strangulation

Psychological trauma - Mental derangements,

convulsions, epilepsy

Rape trauma syndrome – disrupt patients

physical, social and sexual life.
 Examination of Accused
• General Procedure
• General Examination
• Genital Examination

 General Procedure: Examination of accused shall be

carried out with the requisition letter from magistrate or
police only. Note the constable name and no. who
brought the accused. Two identification marks from
different parts of the body shall be recorded in detailed.
 If possible take the written informed consent from the
accused. If he refuses use 53 Cr. P.C (A)

 A male accused or convicted person shall be examined

even with out his consent by applying minimum force at
the request of investigating officer whose is not below
the rank of sub inspector.
• Before the examination, the accompanying PO
has to identify the accused.

• The name and the number of the officer is

noted.

• Before written consent of the accused is

obtained, it is explained to him that the result
of the examination may go against him.
 General Examination
• Examined after victim without delay, to look
for injuries inflicted by her.

• Age, physical power, genital development

noted.

• Mental history, alcohol, drugs.

• Clothes – hair, fibres, foreign matter,

cosmetic contact – powder, lipstick; mud;
grass; semen.
• Observe the clothes whether they are torned or
soiled with blood or saliva or seminal fluid or with
mud, collect the clothe if they are wet, dried
them in shade and preserve them to sent for
forensic science examination.
• Vasectomy Scar : Look of vasectomy scar or ask
the accused for this so that importance could be
given to acid phosphates Test.
• Intoxication: Examined the accused whether he
is drunk or drugged. If he is drunk fully mention
that point and examine him later.
• Potency: examine the accused whether, he is
potent or not.
Nail scrapings – blood, epithelial cells.

Struggle – bruise, scratches, teeth marks.

Genital Examination:

Pubic area – matting, female hair, abrasions, tears of

prepuce, glans.

Saline wash of penis – pap stain for vaginal cells.

Absence of smegma on corona glandis, seen in 24

hrs.
Examination of glans penis: Look or any abrasions
over the glans & corona
• Frenulum : In forcefull sexual act under the
absence of lubrication frenulum is cut and there
may be heavy bleeding.
• Smegma: This is whitish cheese like material
with foul smell formed over the glans penis and
corona radiata in 24 hrs time. If the person is
not cleaned the organ.
• M.L.I : During the examination of accused if the
smegma is present the sexual act has been
ruled out with in the 24 hrs time. If smegma is
absent he might had committed the sexual act or
he might have taken bath.
• Lugols Iodine Test: A moist filter paper is to be
rubbed over the glans and corona to expose this
filter paper to vapours of lugol’s iodine. If brown
colour is seen that denotes the presence of
vaginal epithelial cells over the glans.
• Exception: In the following two conditions brown
colour is absence inspite of the presence of
vaginal epithelial cells.
• a) Extreme old age women.
• b) Very young female child.
• Reason: Glycogen is richly available in vaginal
epithelial cells – Brown colour – the glycogen is
absent in above mentioned two age group
womens.
Specimens to be collected from accused

Pubic hair combings

Avulsed pubic hair

Head hair

Blood group

Nail scrapings for blood or tissue

Swabs from coronal sulcus, prepuce, urethra

Locard’s Exchange Principle:

• This test was found edmand locard a lawyer

cum doctor 1877-1966.

• Principle: Whenever two objects come in contact

there will be transfer of trace substances. (trace
evidence)

• Ex: Road traffic Accidents, Sexual assaults.

 RAPE

VICTIM ASSAULT
Accused
Hair Cloth Fiber
Saliva
Hair
Cloth pieces
Saliva
Smegma
Blood
Seminal Fluid
Skin bits
Blood
Skin Bits Vaginal epithelial Cells
• Corroborative Evidence : Presence of sperms or acid
phosphatase, presence of venereal disease which was not
present in the beginning.
• Presence of injuries struggle marks.
Time since occurrence:
• Based on Sperms:
• <6 hrs. Motility
• <48 hrs. Intact
• 4-6 days Only head of sperm.
• Based on Venereal disease.
• 1-9 days Gonorrhoea
• 9-40 days Syphilis
• < 3 wks Abrupt fall of T – cells (AIDS)
• Age of the injuries
• Causes of death of rape Victim:
• Neurogenic shock
• Hypovolemic Shock
• Throttling
• Smothering, burking
• Traumatic Asphyxia
• Complications of survived raped victim:
• Rape Trauma Syndrome:
1. Stage of disorganization or acute stage -
Findings: Anxiety, Sleeplessness, irritation, lack of
concentration, feel of humillation.
• 2. Stage of reorganization or later stage.
• Findings: Night mares, certain phobias towards
male sexual act.
• Treatment: Counseling in rape crisis centres.
Here the victim is assured morally,
psychologically, socially and financially with
suitable rehabilitation.
Note: In court of law the entire procedure of rape
case shall be conducted incamera – Total
confidentiality.
Irrelevant persons are not allowed.
Report

Rape is not a medical diagnosis.

MO gives opinion of signs of recent vaginal

penetration, intercourse, physical injury.

Comprehensive negative and positive findings.

Medical proof of rape is not legal proof.

False charges – injured by blunt instrument, thumb,

chillis, garments stained with starch, egg white; for
blackmail (inconsistent statements).
 Incest
• Sexual intercourse by a man with woman who is
closely related to him by blood.
• daughter, grand daughter, sister, aunt, mother.
• Occurs between defectives unable to
understand prohibitions against it.
• Alcohol removes sense of prohibition.
• Cerebral disease, senile degeneration.
• Relatives separated in childhood.
• Close relations living in intimacy.
• Medico Legal Importance: It is not an offence
in India under 376 I.P.C reasons – marriages
among closely blood relatives is common.

• Adultery: It is natural sexual intercourse done

by a person with the spouse (wife or husband) of
other person. It is an offence under 497 IPC
punishable up to 5 years of imprisonment.
 Sodomy
• Anal intercourse between 2 males, or male
& female.
• Gerontophilia – passive agent adult
• Paederasty – passive agent child –
catamite.
• Frequent among sailors, prisoners, hostels,
military barracks.
• Hermaphrodites may act as passive agents.
Examination of passive agent
• Consent, history, degree of penetration.
• PE with presence of 3rd person, knee elbow position.
• Perianal and rectal swab.
• Rectal bruising , fissure, inflammation.
• Anal muscle dilated, tender, sphincter torn, prolapse.
• Digital examn – loss of elasticity, admitting finger.
• Anal blood stains, lubricants, faecal matter, pain on
walking.
• Abrasions – 1-2 days; perianal haematoma – 10
days, fissure – weeks.
 Habitual passive agent
• Shaving anal hair
• Anal skin thickened, extends deeper.
• Funnel shaped depression of buttock, loss
of fat.
• Compete relaxation of sphincter – 5 cm.
• Muscle loses tone.
• Anal fissures, piles, STDs.
 Specimens to be collected
• Head hairs
• Pubic hair
• Blood group
• Urine drug screening
• Nail scrapings for blood or tissue
• Swabs - soiled areas of skin, anal, rectum
• Swab - penis of accused.
 Active agent
• Smell of anal glands on penis.
• Traces of faeces and lubricant.
• Abrasion of prepuce, glans.
• Penis elongated and constricted, twisted
urethra.
• STD, HIV.
Buccal coitus, Sin of Gomorrah
• Male organ introduced into mouth of child.
• Teeth marks and abrasions on penis.
• Death – aspiration of semen, impaction of
penis in oropharynx.
• Dx – semen in respiratory tract, stomach.
 Tribadism
• Greek isle of Lesbos
• Female homosexualism
• Genitals – scratch marks, abrasions.
• Masculine due to endocrine disturbances,
indifferent to opposite sex.
• Mental degenerates, psychological, social and
developmental factors.
• Morbid jealousy – resort to homicide/ suicide.
 Beastiality
• Sexual intercourse with lower animal.
• Domesticated farm animals or pets –
calves, sheep, ducks, geese, donkeys,
dogs.
• Vaginal/ anal.
• Villagers while grazing, mental
derangements.
• False belief, cure for gonorrhoea.
• Signs in accused :
– Penis contaminated with animal faeces,
vaginal secretion, hair, tearing of glans.
– Injury marks – teeth, kicks, claws.
• Signs in animal ( by vet)
– Human semen in vagina/ anus.
– Abrasions, discharges
 Sadism
• Marquis de Sade – French nobleman & writer
• Gratification obtained from acts of physical
cruelty, infliction of pain.
• Bite, beat, whip, inflict cuts.
• Lust murder – extreme cases, outbreaks of
paroxysmal sexual desire.
• Cutting breasts, genitalia, eat flesh,
intercourse with dying/ injured victim
(necrophagia).
• Mental disease, anger, jealousy, revenge.
 Masochism
• Leopold von Sacher Masoch, Austrian
novelist, stimulant for literary work, whip
• Sexual gratification enhanced by suffering
of pain.
• Beaten, abused, tormented, humiliated,
enslaved, bound, dominated by partner.
• Bondage – sadism & masochism.
 Necrophilia
• Sadomasochistic foundation – desire for
intercourse with cadavers.
• Offence committed on newly buried
corpse, body awaiting burial.
• Corpse may be mutilated following
intercourse.
• Decomposition, stench and coldness play
a part.
 Fetichism
• Fetish – Use of fascinating objects for
sexual gratification.
• Part of woman’s body, article –
underclothes, shoes, flower.
• Mere act of stealing fetish affords
satisfaction.
• Common in Males
 Transvestism/ eonism
• Opposite clothing – Chevalier d’Eon Beamont,
Frenchman.
• Transvestite – desire to be identified with
opposite sex, males wear female dress.
• Psychologically, individual’s attraction to
opposite sex, violent against own sex.
• Associated with homosexuality,
sadomasochism.
• No hormonal disturbance/ genital abnormality.
 Masturbation
• Deliberate self stimulation which effects
sexual arousal.
• Offence only when practised openly –
telephone booths, public toilets.
 Exhibitionism
• Intentional exposure of private parts in
public, in presence of others, to obtain
sexual pleasure.
• Males to children, or opposite sex.
• Women in public. Psycopath/ neurosis.
• Punishable obscene act.
 Voyeurism/ scoptophilia
• Counterpart of exhibitionism.
• Voyeur – see people undress to be
sexually gratified. More in males.
• Sociopathic personality disorder.
• Sometimes assault victim or commit
murder.
 Wife battery
• Woman who has received deliberate
severe repeated physical injuries from
marital partner.
• Personality or neurotic disorders –
suspicious, violent, dominating.
• Normally stable and affectionate.
 Others
• Frotteurism – contact with other person,
rubbing in crowds. Usually impotent.

• Undinism – witnessing act of urination.

• Mixoscopia : Getting sexual gratification by

watching he couple performing sex.

• Triolism : Person compels his wife to have

sex with 3rd person and watching the act.
• Sexual Oralism : Two Types
• A) Cannilingus : Kissing or licking of
female genital organ.
• B) Fellatio : Licking or sucking of male
genital organ.
• Satyriasis : It is a condition where
excessive sexual desire seen in males.
• Satyr: That person known as satyr.
• Nymphomania : Excessive sexual desire
in female that female is called nymph.
• Pygmalionism : Touching or licking or
sucking or even used for masturbation by
females with small statues.
• Ecouterism : Getting sexual gratification by
hearing sexy words.
• Erotographomania : Getting sexual
gratification by writing sexy words or
drawing sexy figures over walls.
• Pronographomania : Watching sexy
pictures and movies or reading sexy books
and getting sexual gratification.
• Eunuchs : These people are used for male
prostitution as passive agents particulary
in sodomy.

• Hijrahs : In childhood their entire genital

organs including penis are cut off and hot
oil was poured on that area to prevent
bleeding, vaginal like pouch is formed.

• Zananas : At the time puberty the testicles

are crushed. So that penis is used for
urination but not for sexual act.
• Difference between Indian Law and
England Law regarding punishment for
Sodomy.
• Indian Law : Both active and passive
persons are punished even with the
consent. If the husband want to sodomy
he will be punished.
• England Law : sodomy is not punishable if
• A) Both the agents are above 18 yrs old.
• B) With the consent
• C) Done in private / closed room.
• A boy below 14 years cannot be booked
for this crime because of presumption by
the government, eruction will not be seen
before puberty.
• There is no such protection law in India.
Indecent assault

It is the sex linked misbehaviour towards a person of

opposite sex or same sex but mainly it indicates that
any offence committed on a female with the intention
or knowledge to outrage her modesty.

examples

A man trying to kiss a woman or fondle her breast,

Touching or exposing the private parts

Any physical, verbal or non-verbal conduct of sexual

Nature.

Showing pornography.
Usually committed against adolescent girls

It is punishable under S – 354 IPC & 2 years imprisonment

In these cases medical examination is of little value.

Medico legal aspects of Semen

Semen is a human body fluid, stains of which are

Often involved in sexual offences

Rape
Sodomy
Bestiality
Attempted murder, sexual murder.
Potency of the fluid also carries value in civil cases

Nullity of marriage
Disputed paternity

Semen

It is a viscid, mucilaginous fluid with greyish yellow color

and characteristic odour.

It is a suspension of spermatozoa in a complex medium

called the seminal plasma.
 Average volume – 1.5 ml to 5 ml per ejaculation.

Count – 60 to 150 million sperm per milliliter.

Motility – 80% at the time of ejaculation.

It helps to travel of sperm from vagina to ovum for

fertilization.

The usual rate of speed of sperm is 1 to 5 mm per

minute.

Survival of sperms

Sperm can live for many weeks in male genital tract.

 Ejaculated sperms life span – 24 to 48 hrs. at body temp
But it can survive more days to weeks in lower temp.

Structure of spermatozoa

Length – 60 micron
Collection & preservation of semen

Stained clothes in a dried state as moisture facilitate

disintegration through decomposition.

Posterior fornix of vagina – a small amount of normal

saline put into the posterior fornix before it is aspirate
with a pipette.

Smear of vaginal swab.

Matted pubic hair – if suspecting any stain.

Skin – dry stain on the skin are gently wiped with wet
swabs which are then air dried.
Seminal identification

1. Physical examination

2. Chemical examination

3. Microscopic examination

1. Physical examination

Stain on white fabric – yellow look with dark borders

When examined under ultra violate light – strong

bluish –white fluorescence. Fluorescence is due to
presence of choline.
2. Chemical examination

Florence test – dark brown rhombic crystals of

Choline iodide.

Barberio test - showing yellow needle shaped

crystals of spermine picrate.

Acid phosphatase test – by seeing the level of

acid phosphatase in the seminal
fluid as it is secreted from prostate

3. Microscopic examination

Examination of the swab under microscope may revel

spermatozoa.