HEAT
Lesson Outline
Definition of Heat
How Heat Changes Objects
Reversible vs. Irreversible Chang
es
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Heat in Everyday Life
Can you identify which objects produce
heat?
Heat in Everyday Life
Circle all objects that produce
heat.
Today, you'll learn to...
• define heat
• describe how heat
changes an object
• differentiate between Did you know that
reversible and heat can make
things expand?
irreversible changes Hot air in the balloon takes
up more space. It's the
magic behind how it flies
high up in the sky!
Heat
Heat is a thermal energy content of a body
that flows from a hotter object that comes in
contact with a cooler object. Heat always
flows from hotter to cooler object. It is
measured in joules or calories.
Heat is not something that
abody possess but rather it is
the hot coal
the energy that the body and water is in
absorbs or realeases. thermal
equilibrium
hot coal is
added to cold
water
Heat content of a body is represented by
Q and can be determined by following
equation:
Q - heat in joules/calories
m - mass in kg/gram
C - specific heat, joules
∆t - t2 = -t1, C
The heat of fusion s the energy needed to melt 1 gram of
solid at constant temperature. This energy is used to
loosen the intermolecular forces of attraction between
molecules.
𝑄=𝑚 𝐿 𝑓
L - heat of fusion or heat of solidification (cal/g)
m - mass in grams
Lf of water - 80 cal/gram
The heat of vaporization is the energy needed to convert
1 gram of a liquid to gas at constant temperature. This
energy is used to break the intermolecular forces
holding the liquid molecules together as it enters the
gaseous phase.
𝑄=𝑚 𝐿𝑣
Lv - latent heat of vaporization/condensation (cal/g)
m - mass in grams
Lv of water - 540 cal/gram
Sample Problem 1
A 50 gram of water was heated from 25º to boiling
(100ºC). How much heat was absorbed in the
process?
Given: m = 50 g T1 = 25ºC T2 = 100ºC
Q = ??
Solution: Q = mC∆T
= 50 g (1 cal/gºC) (100-25ºC)
= 3, 750 calories
Your Turn
How much heat was absorbed in heating 700
grams of copper from 20ºC to 90ºC? The specific
heat of water, c, of copper is 390 J/kgºC.
Given: m = 700 g T1 = 90ºC T2 = 20ºC
C = 390 J/kgºC Q = ??
Solution:
Sample Problem 2
How much heat is needed to melt 500 grams of ice
at 0ºC?
Given: mice = 500 g Lf = 0ºC – 80 cal/gram
Q = ??
Solution: Q = mC∆T
= 500 g (80 cal/gram)
= 40, 000 calories
Your Turn
How much heat is required to vaporize completely
450 g of water to steam at 100ºC?
Given: m = 450 g Lv of water = 540 cal/g Q
= ??
Solution: Q = mL
CONVERSION FACTORS
> 1 calorie = 4.1186 joules
> 1 cal/gram C = 4186 J/kg C
> 1 J/kg - 10 kJ/kgK - 10 J/g C = 10 kJ/g C
Temperature
It is the measure of the intensity of heat. It is the measure
of the total kinetic energy of a body. Temperature is
frequently measured in degree. Degree Celcius or
Centigrade, Kelvin, amd degree Fahrenheit. Temperature
does not DIRECTLY determine the heat content of the
body but is one of the factors.
CONVERSION
The following conversions are used:
C = K - 273.15
K = C +273.15
F = 9/5 (C + 32)
C - 5/9 (F - 32)
How Heat Changes Objects
Adding (heating) or removing heat
(cooling) from an object can change its
state of matter.
TING
HEA
OOLING
C
Ice (Solid) Water Ice (Solid)
(Liquid)
Effects of Heat on Body
Heat is very important in our daily life. It gives
warmth to the environment. When it is added in or
taken from a body, it can result to physical or
chemical changes. These are some effects of heat
on matter:
1.Expansion or contraction
2.Increase in temperature
3.Change of state
4.Chemical change
Expansion/Contraction
Expansion happens when heat is added to a
body. As a result, in solids, particles gain more
energy and vibrate in place, forcing each
particle to move a little farther. The same thing
happens in liquids and gases. Contraction
happens when heat is released.
Increase in Temperature
Increase in temperature also happens
when heat is added to a body. This
isdue to the increase in kinetic energy
along with increase in vibrations.
Change of State
Increase in temperature also happens
when heat is added to a body. This
isdue to the increase in kinetic energy
along with ncrease in vibrations.
Change of State
Changing the state of matter by adding heat is known
as melting or boiling, whereas changing the state of
matter by removing heat is known as condensing or
freezing. This results in temperatures at which
substances will change state; the specific temperatures
vary from substance to substance.
Chemical Change
Chemical change happens when there is a change
in the composition. For example, in cooking you
change the composition of the food in order to
make it suited for eating. Burning is also a
chemical change.
Other ways by which the body loses heat
1.Evaporation in high wind speeds and low relative
humidity.
2. By conduction and breathing. By conduction, the
body loses or gains heat upon contact with hot or cold
objects. The respiratory system inhales cool air,
warms it and exhales it cooling the inner body
temperature.
Effects of Heat on Body
1. Increased irritability
2. Loss of concentration and ability
to do mental tasks
3. Loss of ability to do skilled tasks
or heavy loads
Illnesses caused by heat
Heat edema - swelling
especially in the
ankle. (Recovery -
stay in cool
environment for a
day)
Illnesses caused by heat
Heat rashes - tiny red
spots on the skin with
prickling sensation.
Caused when sweat
glands duct are
plugged.
Illnesses caused by heat
Heat Syncope - dizziness and fainting
induced by temporary insufficient flow
of blood to the brain while a person is
standing. Caused by loss of body fluids
hrough sweating, lowered blood
pressure due to pooling of the blood in
the legs. (Recovery - stay in cool place)
Illnesses caused by heat
Heat stroke - most serious of
all heat illnesses. Signs
imclude body temperature
greater than 41 C, complete or
partial loss of conciousness.
This requires immediate
medical ttention as it may
cause death.
Give real-life
examples of
reversible and
irreversible
changes
caused by
heat.
Resource Page
Use these collection codes in the elements search bar to find illustrations
and images related to the changing states of matter.
canvachemicalphysicalchanges canvastatesofmatter
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