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    Anti-Cancer Drugs

    Uploaded by

    Ukash sukarman
    Anti Cancer drugs

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Anti-Cancer Drugs

    Uploaded by

    Ukash sukarman
    11 views14 pages
    Anti Cancer drugs

    Original Title

    Anti-cancer drugs

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    Anti Cancer drugs

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views14 pages

    Anti-Cancer Drugs

    Uploaded by

    Ukash sukarman
    Anti Cancer drugs

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Cancer is due to uncontrolled division of cells-

    Cancer is neoplsam or tumor so anticancer drugs


    also called as Antineoplastic agents or antitumor
    agents
    CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
    Chemotherapy --- 5 A
    I.A- Alkylating agents-
    Nitrogen Mustards-Mecholethamine,Cholrambucil,
    Nitrosourea - Carmustine,Lomustine
    Alkylsulfonate- Busufan
    II A-Antibiotics- rubicin-(DD)- Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin,
    Mycin- (ABM) - Actinomycin-D,Bleomycin, Mitomycin
    III.A- Alkaloids- - Vincristine,Vinblastin
    IV.A-Antimetabolites-

    a)Foilc acid antagonist- Methotrexate


    b)Purine antagonist- 6-MP( 6- Mercaptopurine),6-TG ( 6-
    thioguanine)
    c)Pyrimidine antagonist- 5-FU –(5-fluro uracil)
    V A-Asparginase- Enzyme
    VI - Platinum compound- Cisplatin
    based on cell cycle- Due to cell cycle - cells under go uncontrolled division
    causes cancer .So anti cancer drugs inhibits cell cycle.
    Cell cycle is divided in to 4 phases---- G1, S, G2, ( called as
    Interphase),
    M – Mitotic phase
    I. Cell cycle specific Drugs (CCS) ---Drugs selectively inhibits particular
    phase of cell cycle
    G1 Phase blocking agents- Enzymes- Asperginase
    S-phase blocking agents- Ant metabolites -Methotrexate,6-MP,6-TG, 5-FU
    G2 –phase blocking agents- Antibiotics Bleomycin
    M- phase blocking agents– Anti mitotic drugs- - Vinca alkaloids
    II Cell cycle Non specific drugs( CCNS )- these drugs can block any
    phase of the cell cycle
    (ACD)
    Example- A -Alkylating agents
    C- Cisplatin
    D-Doxorubcin
    Anti Metabolites
    Antimetabolites inhibits S phase of cell cycle
    Drugs Inhibits synthesis of DNA the following way
    a) By Inhibiting Foilc acid synthesis
    ( folic acid antagonist- Methotrexate,)
    b) By Inhibiting Purine synthesis
    Purine antagonist - 6-MP( 6- Mercaptopurine),
    6-TG ( 6-thioguanine)
    c) by Inhibiting Pyrimidine synthesis
    Pyrimidine antagonist - 5-FU –(5-fluro uracil)
    a) Antifolate- Methotrexate
    Folic acid antagonist – Methotrexate – It inhibits Dihydo folate reductase
    enzyme .there by reduce synthesis of Tetrahydrofolic acid .It leads reduce
    synthesis of DNA in the cells .
    S
    D

    P
    Methotrexate
    P

    9
    5 FU-flurouracil – pyrimidine antagonist (inhibits nucleic acid
    synthesis)
    5- FU when enters to cancer cell converted into 5-Fdump
    which inhibits thymidylate synthease enzyme there by reduce
    synthesis of DNA and 5 FUTP which inhibits RNA synthesis
    5 FU
    ( protein synthesis)

    5-dUMP 5-F UTP

    Inhibits thymidylate
    synthease

    Inhibits RNA
    Inhibits DNA synthesis synthesis
    DNA- Alkylating agents
    These act as Cell cycle non specific drugs
    These agents transfer alkyl group to DNA and form Irreversible
    covalent bond with DNA ( at between Guanine residues)

    It leads to
     Damage of DNA-
    Miscoding of DNA bases
    Prevent DNA Replication
    Example
    Nitogen mustards
    Carmustine
    Busulfan
    Antibiotics

    Anthracyclines Non-anthrcyclines
    Ex- Ex Mycins(MBA)
    Rubicins-DD Mitomycin Bleomycin
    Daunorubicin Actinomycin-D ( Dactinomycin)
    Doxorubicin
    Actinomycin-D act as peptide derivative act as DNA Intercalating agent

    Bleomycin - It is a glycopeptide antibiotic,


    generates free radical and Damages DNA
    It inhibits G2 Phase of Cell cycle
    Mitomycin acts as DNA alkylating agent
    Doxorubicin acts As Topoisomerase-II enzyme
    blocker
    Alkaloids
    Vinca alkaloids - Vincristine and Vinblastine -
    Obtained from leaves of plant catharanthus
    roseues.

    These drugs block M - phase of cell cycle

    Inhibits mitotic of cells so called as antiMiotic


    drugs

    catharanthus roseues.

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