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Practical Research 2 Module 1 Presentation

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91 views41 pages

Practical Research 2 Module 1 Presentation

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khylejhann
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Practical Research 2

Quarter 1 - Nature of Inquiry and


Research
• Attendance is a must
• Earrings/piercing is prohibited
• Using of cellphone is only upon the directive
of the teacher
•
Finding clues
Directions: Group the following word clues if they are characteristics of Quantitative Research (Box
A) or Qualitative Research (Box B).
1. Measurable
2. Behavior
3. Statistical
10. Inductive
4. Narrative 11. Subjective
5. Objective 12. Small sample
6. Text-based 13. Tables and
7. Intervention charts
8. Experimental 14. Deductive
group 15. Generalizable
9. Unstructured
observation
Quantitative Qualitative
 Measurable  Behavior
 Statistical  Narrative
 Objective  Text-based
 Intervention  Unstructured
 Experimental observation
group  Inductive
 Tables and  Subjective
charts  Small sample
 Deductive
 Generalizable
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
• Based on • understanding
measurement or phenomena related to
quantity quality or kind
FOCUS ON QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• Uses scientifically collected
and statistically analyzed
data
• Investigates observable
phenomena
• Employs scientific methods
for designing and collecting
numerical data
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

• Data undergoes statistical


analysis (e.g., Pearson’s r,
t-test, ANOVA)

• Data must be numerical


and quantifiable
COLLECTION OF
NUMERICAL DATA

• Easier to collect than


qualitative descriptions or
phrases
COLLECTION OF
NUMERICAL DATA
 Examples of numerical data:
 Student grades
 Hours of engagement on social
media
 Percentage of consumers
preferring certain product
features
 Average daily Covid-19 recovery
rates
Conversion of Non-Numerical
Data to Numerical Data
 Some data require conversion from
non-numerical to numerical

 Example: Using a rating scale to


quantify consumer preferences

 Likert scale: converts text into numbers


for mathematical operations
Benefits of Numerical Data

Facilitates faster,
more accurate, and
objective analysis
Quiz
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research

 Large Sample Size.


 To obtain more meaningful
statistical result, the data
must come from a large
sample size.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
 Objectivity.
 Data gathering and analysis
of results are done
accurately, objectively, and
are unaffected by the
researcher’s intuition and
personal guesses.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
 Concise
 Visual Presentation. Data is
numerical which makes
presentation through graphs,
charts, and tables possible and
with better conveyance and
interpretation.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research

Faster Data Analysis.


 The use of a statistical
tools gives way for a
less time-consuming
data analysis.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
 Generalized Data.
• Data taken from a sample
can be applied to the
population if sampling is
done accordingly, i.e.,
sufficient size and random
samples were taken.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
 Fast and Easy Data Collection.
 Depending on the type of data needed,
collection can be quick and easy.
 Quantitative research uses standardized
research instruments that allow the
researcher to collect data from a large
sample size efficiently.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
 Fast and Easy Data Collection.
 For instance, a single survey
form can be administered
simultaneously to collect
various measurable
characteristics like age, gender,
socio-economic status.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
 Reliable Data.
 Data is taken and analyzed
objectively from a sample as a
representative of the
population, making it more
credible and reliable for
policymaking and decision
making.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
 High Replicability.
• The Quantitative method
can be repeated to verify
findings enhancing its
validity, free from false or
immature conclusions.
ADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can
be used to predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the
population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of
cause and effect
ADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
5. Fast and easy data analysis using
statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be
replicated or repeated.
8. Validity and reliability can be
established
DISADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a
problem or concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive
explanation of human experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described
by numerical data such as feelings, and
beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very
flexible.
DISADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
5. The participants are limited to
choose only from the given
responses.
6. The respondents may tend to
provide inaccurate responses.
7. A large sample size makes data
collection more costly.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Descriptive design is used to
describe a particular
phenomenon by observing it
as it occurs in nature. There is
no experimental manipulation,
and the researcher does not
start with a hypothesis.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 The goal of descriptive research is
only to describe the person or object
of the study. An example of
descriptive research design is “the
determination of the different kinds of
physical activities and how often high
school students do it during the
quarantine period.”
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 The correlational design
identifies the relationship between
variables. Data is collected by
observation since it does not
consider the cause and effect, for
example, the relationship between the
amount of physical activity done and
student academic achievement
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Ex post facto design is used to
investigate a possible relationship
between previous events and
present conditions. The term “Ex
post facto” which means after the
fact, looks at the possible causes
of an already occurring
phenomenon.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Ex post facto design
Just like the first two, there is no
experimental manipulation in
this design. An example of this
is “How does the parent’s
academic achievement affect the
children obesity?”
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 A quasi-experimental design is used to
establish the cause-and-effect
relationship of variables. Although it
resembles the experimental design, the
quasi-experimental has lesser validity
due to the absence of random selection
and assignment of subjects. Here, the
independent variable is identified but
not manipulated.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 The researcher does not modify pre-
existing groups of subjects. The group
exposed to treatment (experimental) is
compared to the group unexposed to
treatment (control): example, the
effects of unemployment on attitude
towards following safety protocol in
ECQ declared areas.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Experimental design like
quasi- experimental is used
to establish the cause-and-
effect relationship of two or
more variables.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 This design provides a more
conclusive result because it
uses random assignment of
subjects and experimental
manipulations.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

 For example, a
comparison of the effects
of various blended
learning to the reading
comprehension of
elementary pupils.
Lesson 2: Types of Research
• Qualitative Research
• Quantitative Research
• Mixed Methods Research
Lesson 3: Research Process
• Steps in the Research Process
• Identifying the Research Problem
• Review of Related Literature
• Formulating Hypotheses
Lesson 4: Research Ethics
• Importance of Ethics in Research
• Ethical Principles and Guidelines

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