2160707

Advanced Java

Unit-1
Java Networking

Prof. Swati R. Sharma

[email protected]
 Subject Overview :Unit Mapping
Sr. Unit Reference Book Chapt
No. er
1 Java Networking The Complete Reference, Java (Seventh 20
Edition), Herbert Schild - Osbrone.
2 JDBC Programming Complete Reference J2EE by James Keogh 6,7
mcgraw publication
3 Servlet API and 7,8
Overview Professional Java Server Programming by
Subrahmanyam Allamaraju, Cedric Buest Wiley
4 Java Server Pages Publication 10,11

5 Java Server Faces 11

Black Book “ Java server programming” J2EE,
1st ed., Dream Tech Publishers, 2008. 3. Kathy
6 Hibernate walrath ” 15
7 Java Web 21
Frameworks: Spring
MVC

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 2 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Unit-1: Java Networking

Topic
1. Network Basics and Socket overview
2. InetAddress
3. TCP/IP server sockets
4. TCP/IP client sockets
5. Datagrams
6. URL
7. URLConnection

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 3 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Network Basics: java.net pacakage
▪ The term network programming refers to writing programs that
execute across multiple devices (computers), in which the devices
are all connected to each other using a network.
Java.net Package

InetAddress This class represents an

import java.net.* Class represents
Internet a address.
Protocol (IP) Uniform
URL
Resource Locator, a pointer to
URLConnection a "resource"
Represent theon communications
the World link
ServerSocket Wide
Used Web.
to create
between a server socket.
the application and a URL
TCP Socket This object is used to establish
communication with theclient
This class implements clients.
sockets.
DatagramPacket
This class represents a
UDP DatagramSocket datagram packet.
Represents a socket for
sending and receiving
datagram packets.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 4 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Socket overview
Socket
▪ “A socket is one endpoint of a two-way communication link
between two programs running on the network.”
▪ A Socket is combination of an IP address and a port number.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 5 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Client – Server Communication
▪ Two machines must connect
▪ Server waits for connection
▪ Client initiates connection
▪ Server responds to the client request

Server Client
Response
socket socket
Request
Waits

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 6 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Socket overview
• The server is just like any ordinary program running in a computer.
• Each computer is equipped with some ports.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 7 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Socket overview
• The server connects to one of the ports.
• This process is called binding to a port.
• The connection is called a server socket.

The Java server code that does this is:

ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(1234);//1234 is port number

Reference: isinotes/javatut/net

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 8 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Socket overview
• Server is waiting for client machine to connect.

Reference: isinotes/javatut/net

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 Socket overview

Reference: isinotes/javatut/net

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 10 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Socket overview
• In the next step the client connects to this port of the server's computer.
• The connection is called a (client) socket.

Socket sock = new Socket("www.darshan.ac.in",80);

/* The client knows the number 80 */

Reference: isinotes/javatut/net

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 Socket overview
• Now, connection is established between client and server.

Reference: isinotes/javatut/net

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 Socket overview

Reference: isinotes/javatut/net

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 Socket overview
Everytime a client is found, its Socket is extracted, and the loop again waits for the
next client.

Reference: isinotes/javatut/net

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 Socket overview
Client 2

Server

Client 1

Reference: isinotes/javatut/net

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 Unit-1: Java Networking

Topic
1. Network Basics and Socket overview
2. InetAddress
3. TCP/IP server sockets
4. TCP/IP client sockets
5. Datagrams
6. URL
7. URLConnection

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 16 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 InetAddress
java.net package
• This class represents an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
1. The InetAddress class is used to encapsulate both the numerical IP address and
the domain name for that address.
2. You interact with this class by using the name of an IP host, which is more
convenient and understandable than its IP address.
• The java.net.InetAddress class provides methods to get an IP of host name.

Example
InetAddress ip
=InetAddress.getByName("www.darshan.ac.in");
System.out.println(“ip:“+ ip);

Output:
ip: www.darshan.ac.in/89.238.188.50

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 17 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 InetAddress: Method Summary
static InetAddress Determines the IP address of a given host's
getByName(String host) name.
throws UnknownHostException
static InetAddress Returns the address of the local host.
getLocalHost()
throws UnknownHostException
public String getHostName() it returns the host name of the IP address.

public String getHostAddress() it returns the IP address in string format.

String toString() Converts this IP address to a String.

boolean equals(Object obj) Compares this object against the specified object.

static InetAddress[] Returns an array of its IP addresses, based on the

getAllByName(String host) configured name service on the system.

static InetAddress Returns the loopback address.

getLoopbackAddress()

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 18 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 TCP/IP ServerSocket Class
▪ The ServerSocket class is used to create servers that listen for
either local or remote client programs to connect to them on
published ports.
▪ ServerSocket, it will register itself with the system as having an
interest in client connections
Constructor

ServerSocket(int port) Creates a server socket, bound to the specified

throws IOException port.

Method

public Socket accept() Returns the socket and establish a connection

between server and client.
It is a blocking method

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 19 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 TCP/IP Client Sockets: Socket Class
1. A socket can be used to connect Java’s I/O system to other
programs that may reside either on the local machine or on any
other machine on the Internet.
2. A socket is an endpoint for communication between two
machines.
3. A Socket is combination of an IP address and a port number.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 20 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 TCP/IP Client Sockets: Socket Class
The client in socket programming must know two information:
1. IP Address of Server
2. Port number.
Constructor
Socket() Creates an unconnected socket
Socket(InetAddress address, int port) Creates a stream socket and connects it to the
throws IOException specified port number at the specified IP
address.

Method
public InputStream getInputStream() returns the InputStream attached with this
throws IOException socket

public OutputStream getOutputStream() returns the OutputStream attached with

throws IOException this socket.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 21 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Datagrams: DatagramSocket class
▪ DatagramSocket class represents a connection-less socket for
sending and receiving datagram packets.
▪ A datagram is basically an information but there is no guarantee of
its content, arrival or arrival time.
▪ Constructor
DatagramSocket() it creates a datagram socket and binds it with the
throws SocketException available Port Number on the localhost machine.

DatagramSocket(int it creates a datagram socket and binds it with the given

port) Port Number.
throws SocketException

DatagramSocket(int it creates a datagram socket and binds it with the

port, InetAddress specified port number and host address.
address)

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 22 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Datagrams: DatagramSocket class
▪ DatagramSocket Class Methods
void send(DatagramPacket packet) The send( ) method sends a packet to the port
throws IOException specified by packet.

void receive(DatagramPacket packet) The receive( ) method waits for a packet to be

throws IOException received and returns the result.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 23 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Datagrams: DatagramPacket class
▪ Java DatagramPacket is a message that can be sent or received.
▪ If you send multiple packet, it may arrive in any order.
▪ Additionally, packet delivery is not guaranteed.
number of bytes to
buffer for holding the incoming datagram. read.

Constructor
DatagramPacket(byte[] barr, int length) It creates a datagram packet. This
constructor is used to receive the
packets.
DatagramPacket(byte[] barr, int length, It creates a datagram packet. This
InetAddress address, int port) constructor is used to send the
packets.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 24 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Datagrams: DatagramPacket class
DatagramPacket Class Methods

byte[ ] getData( ) Returns the byte array of data contained

in the datagram. Mostly used to retrieve
data from the datagram after it has been
received.
int getLength( ) Returns the length of the valid data
contained in the byte array that would be
returned from the getData( ) method. This
may not equal the length of the whole
byte array.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 25 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 InetAddress : Method
Method Description
public static InetAddress Determines the IP address of a given
getByName(String host) host's name.
throws UnknownHostException

Example

InetAddress ip
=InetAddress.getByName("www.darshan.ac.in");
System.out.println(“ip:“+ ip);

Output:
ip: www.darshan.ac.in/89.238.188.50

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 26 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 InetAddress : Method
Method Description
public static InetAddress Returns the address of the local host.
getLocalHost()
throws UnknownHostException

Example

InetAddress ip=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(“LocalHost:“+ip);

Output:
LocalHost:swati-PC/10.254.3.34

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 27 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 InetAddress : Method
Method Description
public String getHostName() it returns the host name of the IP
address.

Example

InetAddress ip=InetAddress.getByName("10.254.3.34");
System.out.println(“Hostname:”+ip.getHostName());

Output:
Hostname:swati-PC

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 28 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 InetAddress : Method
Method Description
public String getHostAddress() it returns the IP address in string format.

Example
InetAddress ip=InetAddress.getByName("www.darshan.ac.in");
System.out.println(“HostAddress:”+ip.getHostAddress());

Output:
HostAddress:89.238.188.50

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 29 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 InetAddress: Program
import java.net.*; //required for InetAddress Class
public class InetDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
InetAddress ip
=InetAddress.getByName("www.darshan.ac.in");

System.out.println("Host Name: "+ip.getHostName());

System.out.println("IP Address:"+ip.getHostAddress());
}
catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}

Output:
Host Name: www.darshan.ac.in
IP Address: 89.238.188.50

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 30 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Unit-1: Java Networking

Topic
1. Network Basics and Socket overview
2. InetAddress
3. TCP/IP server sockets
4. TCP/IP client sockets
5. Datagrams
6. URL
7. URLConnection

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 31 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 TCP/IP Client-Server sockets
Java.net

InetAddress
URL
URLConnection
This class implements Server sockets
ServerSocket
TCP
Socket
This class implements Client sockets.
DatagramPacket
DatagramSocket
MulticastSocket

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 TCP/IP Server Sockets
Syntax
ServerSocket ss;
ss=new ServerSocket(Port_no);

Example
ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(1111);

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 TCP/IP Server program
MyServer.java
1. import java.io.*; // required data input/output stream
2. import java.net.*; //required for Socket Class
3. public class MyServer {
4. public static void main(String[] args){
5. try{
6. ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(1111);
7. Socket s=ss.accept();//establishes connection
8. DataInputStream dis=
9. new DataInputStream (s.getInputStream());
10. String str=(String)dis.readUTF();
11. System.out.println("message= "+str);
12. ss.close();
13. }
14. catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
15. }
16.}
Server
Output
message= Hello Server socket

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 34 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 TCP/IP Client Sockets
Syntax
Socket myClient; //Creates object of Socket Class
myClient = new Socket("Machine name", PortNumber);

DNS or IP Address Port Number is the port

(a number) on which the
server you are trying to
connect.

Example
Socket s;
s=new Socket("localhost",1111);

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 35 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 TCP/IP Client Sockets: Program
1. import java.net.*; //required for Socket Class
2. import java.io.*; // required data input/output stream
3. public class MyClient {
4. public static void main(String[] args)
5. { try{
6. Socket s = new Socket("localhost",1111);
7. DataOutputStream dout= new Object of Socket class
DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
8. dout.writeUTF("Hello Server");// Writes a
string to the underlying output
stream
9. }catch(Exception e)
10. {System.out.println(e);}
11. }
12.}

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 36 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 TCP/IP Client-Server program
MyServer.java MyClient.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) public class MyClient {
{try{ public static void main(String[] args){
ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(1111);
try {
Socket s=ss.accept(); Socket s=new Socket("localhost",1111);

DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream DataOutputStream dout=new

(s.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
String str=(String)dis.readUTF();

System.out.println("message= "+str); dout.writeUTF("Hello Server");

ss.close(); //Writes string to underlying o/p
stream
}catch(Exception e) }//try
{System.out.println(e);} catch(Exception e)
}//psvm {System.out.println(e);}
}//class } //psvm
}//class
Output
message= Hello Server
Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 37 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology
 Unit-1: Java Networking

Topic
1. Network Basics and Socket overview
2. InetAddress
3. TCP/IP server sockets
4. TCP/IP client sockets
5. Datagrams
6. URL
7. URLConnection

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 38 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Datagrams
Java.net

InetAddress
URL
URLConnection
ServerSocket This class represents a
Socket datagram packet.

DatagramPacket
DatagramSocket Represents a socket for
UDP
sending and receiving
datagram packets.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 39 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Example of Sending DatagramPacket by DatagramSocket

import java.net.*; //required for Datagram Class

public class DSender{
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception
{
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
String str = "Message sent by Datagram socket";
InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");

DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket

(str.getBytes(), str.length(), ip, 3000);
ds.send(dp);
ds.close();
}
}

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 40 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Example of Receiving DatagramPacket by DatagramSocket

import java.net.*;
public class DReceiver{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(3000);
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, 1024);
ds.receive(dp);
String str = new String(dp.getData(), 0,dp.getLength());
System.out.println(str);
ds.close();
}
}

Output
Message sent by Datagram socket

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 41 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Example of Sending and Receiving DatagramPacket
DSender.java DReceiver.java
import java.net.*; import java.net.*;
public class DSender{ public class DReceiver{
public static void main(String[] args) public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception{ throws Exception {

DatagramSocket ds= DatagramSocket ds =

new DatagramSocket(); new DatagramSocket(3000);
String str = "Message sent by Datagram byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
socket"; DatagramPacket dp =
InetAddress ip = new DatagramPacket(buf, 1024);
InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
ds.receive(dp);
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket String str = new String
(str.getBytes(),str.length(),ip,3000); (dp.getData(), 0,dp.getLength());

ds.send(dp); System.out.println(str);
ds.close(); ds.close();
}
} }
}
Output
Message sent by Datagram socket

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 42 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Unit-1: Java Networking

Topic
1. Network Basics and Socket overview
2. InetAddress
3. TCP/IP client sockets
4. TCP/IP server sockets
5. Datagrams
6. URL
7. URLConnection

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 43 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 URL: Uniform Resource Locator
▪ The Java URL class represents an URL.
▪ This class is pointer to “resource” on the World Wide Web.
Port Number
E.g.
http is the http://10.255.1.1:8090/httpclient.html
protocol.

Server name or IP Address File Name or directory name

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 44 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 URL
Constructor
URL(String url) Creates a URL object from the String representation.

Example
URL url=new URL("http://www.darshan.ac.in");

Method
public URLConnection openConnectio This method of URL class returns the
n() throws IOException object of URLConnection class

Example
URLConnection urlcon=url.openConnection();

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 45 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Unit-1: Java Networking

Topic
1. Network Basics and Socket overview
2. InetAddress
3. TCP/IP client sockets
4. TCP/IP server sockets
5. Datagrams
6. URL
7. URLConnection

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 46 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 URLConnection
▪ URLConnection is the superclass of all classes that represent a
communications link between the application and a URL.
▪ Instances of this class can be used both to read from and to write
to the resource referenced by the URL.
Constructor
URLConnection(URL url) Constructs a URL connection to the
specified URL

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 47 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 URLConnection
Method

public InputStream getInputStream() Returns an input stream that reads from this
throws IOException open connection.
public OutputStream getOutputStrea Returns an output stream that writes to this
m() throws IOException connection.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 48 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 URLConnection : Program
import java.io.*; //required for input stream
import java.net.*; //required for URL & URLConnection
public class URLConnectionDemo {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
URL url=new URL("http://www.darshan.ac.in");
URLConnection urlcon=url.openConnection();
InputStream stream=urlcon.getInputStream();
int i; Object of URLConnection Class
while((i=stream.read())!=-1){
System.out.print((char)i);
}
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}
Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 49 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology
 Important Questions: GTU
1 What is Server Socket? Explain in detail with an example. Discuss the [Win-16]
difference between the Socket and ServerSocket class. [Win-17]
[Sum-18]
2 What is Datagram Socket? Explain in detail with example. [Win-16]
3 Write a TCP or UDP client and server program to do the following: [Sum-16]
Client send : Welcome to Gujarat Technological UNIVERSITY [Win-16]
Response from Server: ytisrevinu LACIGOLONHCEt TARAJUg TO EMOCLEw [Win-18]
4 Write a client-server program using TCP or UDP where the client sends 10 [Sum-16]
numbers and server responds with the numbers in sorted order.
5 Write a TCP Client-Server program to get the Date & Time details from [Sum-15]
Server on the Client request. [Win-16]
[Sum-19]
6 Write a client server program using TCP where client sends two numbers [Win-15]
and server responds with sum of them. [Win-17]
7 Write a client server program using TCP where client sends a string and [Sum-17]
server checks whether that string is palindrome or not and responds with [Sum-18]
appropriate message.

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 50 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

 Important Questions: GTU
8 Write a sample code for client send a “Hello” message to server. [4] [Win-19]
9 Write a client-server program using TCP sockets to echo the message send by [Sum-19]
the client.[7]

10 Explain the following classes with their use. i. URLConnection class [Sum-19]
ii. DatagramSocket (iii) DatagramPacket class [3]

Unit-1 JAVA NETWORKING 51 Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology