12th Computer Application

Chapter 14

Open Source Concepts

Paddasalai

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 To know the Need of Open Source Software.

 To know the NS2 and its Use

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Introduction

 Free software and compilers were provided

with early computer hardware.
 With these human understandable code the
user can modify, add new code and identify
the errors.

Can anyone change the codes in open source software?

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Answer Here……….

 Open source software has been developed by a

variety of programmers.
 However, to add a new change to the software,
the modified code will be submitted to a group
of dedicated programmers.
 These programmers then test the modified
codes and if it satisfies the appropriate rules, it
will then be distributed to all

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Why it called Open source??

 Open Source simply refers to making the

source code of the software freely available

for users or other developers to use and make
changes into the original repository or fork
the project into and build a new one.

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 Open source software Vs Proprietary
software
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
 Open source software is  Proprietary software is
usually created and owned by an organization
updated by many or individual.
programmers around the  The makers of proprietary
world and made freely software have not allowed
accessible. the users or other
developers to view or edit
the source code.
NOTE:
Advantage Of The Proprietary Software:
It gives more control, support, training, security and stability for user making the
software reliable to the users.
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What happens if we change the open
source code??
 When you change the source code, OSS
requires the inclusion of what you altered as
well as your methods.

 The software created after code modifications

may or may not be made available for free.

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Open Source in Network

 In a network it is not easy to find problems.

 Especially when there are more systems are
connected, the complexity is more, so we
need Network Software to Control , Analysis
the Server, System, protocol, Network, Traffic
flow and reports about ups and downs of
network parts.

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Open Source in Network(Cont…)

 Notification help the user and administrator

easily find working status of network systems
and hardware.
 Alert message give details of faults, where
and when it happens

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NRCFOSS

 National Resource Centre for Free and Open

Source Software an Institution of
Government of India.
 To help in development of FOSS in India

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Organizations related to Open
Source
 Apache Software Foundation
 The Document Foundation
 The Eclipse Foundation
 Free Software Foundation
 Linux Foundation
 OpenCourseWare Consortium
 Open Source Initiative

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BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions)

 Operating System Developed in India by C-

DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced
Computing) Help to prompt the use of open
source software in India.
 It Supports many India Languge.

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Types of open source license
 Apache License 2.0
 BSD 3-Clause “New” or “Revised” license
 BSD 2-Clause “Simplified” or “FreeBSD” license
 GNU General Public License (GPL)
 GNU Library or “Lesser” General
 Public License (LGPL)
 MIT license
 Mozilla Public License 2.0
 Common Development and Distribution
License Eclipse Public License
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Open-Source Software vs. Free Software

 Although the terms are often used interchangeably, OSS is

slightly different from free software.
 Both deal with the ability to download and modify software
without restriction or charge.
 However, free software a concept developed in the 1980s by
an MIT computer science researcher, Richard Stallman is
defined by four conditions, as outlined by the nonprofit Free
Software Foundation.
 These “four freedoms” emphasize the ability of users to use
and enjoy software as they see fit.
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Open-Source Software vs. Free Software

 In contrast, the OSS criteria, which the Open Source Initiative

developed a decade later, place more emphasis on the
modification of software, and the consequences of altering source
code, licensing, and distribution.
 Obviously, the two overlap; some would say the differences
between OSS and free software are more philosophical than
practical.
 However, neither should be confused with freeware. Freeware
usually refers to proprietary software that users can download at
no cost, but whose source code cannot be changed.
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Open-Source Software and
Developers
 OSS projects are collaboration opportunities
that improve skills and build connections in
the field.
 Domains that developers can contribute to
the open source community include:
 Communication tools.
 Distributed revision control systems.
 Bug trackers and task lists.
 Testing and debugging tools.
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How Open Source work??

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How Open Source work??

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Benefits of Open Source software and tools

 There are many opensource softwares. so, we can select and

use any software that suits our needs.
 The complete options of the software can be used without any
cost and restrictions.
 We can share our ideas with the team, write the required code
and share it with many.
 As we can identify the programming techniques of group
members, we can learn many ideas and make our program
writing skills more efficient.
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Benefits of Open Source software and tools

 The coding in opensource software are being groomed by

many enthusiastically members of the group. So if we report
problems that we have in the program they are quickly mended
by the group’s effort.
 As we can make changes to the opensource softwares, we
can add the most required features in the software
 Many open source software are very user friendly.

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Example of open source
Application software
 NS2  GIMP
 OPEN NMS  BLENDER
 Ubuntu  AUDACITY
 MySQL  VLC
 PDF Creator  MOZILA FIREFOX
 Open Office  MAGENTO
 7zip  ANDROID
 GNUCASH  PHP

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 Network Simulator
Simulation, Simulator, Simulation tool

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Network Simulation

 In computer network, network simulation is a

method whereby a software program models
the activities of a network by calculating the
communication between the different
network objects.
 Objects such as routers, nodes, switches,
access points, links etc.

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Network Simulator

 A network simulator is a software program that replicates the

functioning of a computer network.
 In simulators, the computer network is typically demonstrated
with devices, traffic etc. and the performance are evaluated.
 Normally, users can then adapt the simulator to accomplish
their precise analysis needs.
 The network parameters define the state of the network (node
placement, existing links) and the events (data transmissions,
link failures, etc.).
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Trace files

A significant output of simulation is the trace files.

Trace files can document every incident that
happened in the simulation and are used for
examination

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NS2 - NETWORK SIMULATOR version 2

 NS2 is the abbreviation of

 It was considered explicitly for exploration in network
communication and event driven open-source
simulator in computer.
 OTCL and C++ used to create and run NS2.
 NS2 works on Windows and Linux platforms, that
supports wired or wireless network and also use the
command line interface as a user interface, API a pure
event base software tool with super simulation
design, it has more models which help the user to get
desired output easily.
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 Open NMS
Open Network Management System

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Open NMS

 It is a free and open-source initiative grade network monitoring

and management platform.
 It is established and maintained by a community of users
developers and by the Open NMS Group, it offering services,
training and support.

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The goal is for Open NMS

 The goal is to be an actually distributed, scalable management

application platform for all features of the FCAPS (Fault,
configuration, accounting, performance, security) network
management model.

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GNU (General Public License.)

 OpenNMS comprises a discovery engine to routinely configure

and manage network devices without operator intervention.
 It is written in Java and is issued under the GNU (General
Public License.)

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Types of OpenNMS

 OpenNMS is the Worlds first software for Network monitor and

management with opensource options.

 There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.

 When we need stability and long term support choose Meridian
which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses.
 Horizon used where innovation occurs frequently. It is Best for
IT-ecosystem, new technologies monitoring.

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History of OpenNMS

 OpenNMS was Released in 1999 by Steve Giles, Brian

Weaver, and Luke Rindfuss.
 In 2004 OpenNMS Group was created by Balog, Matt
Brozowski, and David Hustace. It is written in Java and can
run on all type of platform.
 It gives us Event management & Notification,
 Discovery & Provisioning, service monitoring and Data
Collection.
 Won lot of awards for best of opensource software.
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OpenNMS has three main functional
areas:
 Service monitoring, where a number of monitor modules can
govern if network-based services (ICMP, HTTP, DNS, etc.) are
accessible.
 Data Gathering by using SNMP and JMX.
 Event management and notifications, which comprises of alarm
reduction and a robust announcement system with
accelerations and duty schedules.

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Scalability of OpenNMS

 OpenNMS is recognized for its scalability.

 Though it can be easily used to handle a small SMB Network,
it is also accessible enough to be used in place of large
enterprise management products such as HP Open View, IBM
Micro muse or IBM Tivoli.

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Uses of Open Source Hardware

 In this period of increased competition and cyber crimes, the

computers used by individuals or business organizations may
have spy hardwares of rivals.
 Open source hardware technology helps in such threats.
 In this technique we get the components of the hardware and
its circuit diagram, so that we can remove suspicious spyware
if found.

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Points to remember
 Open Source denotes to some program whose source code is made available for
usage or reform as users or other developers see appropriate
 In simulators, the computer network is typically demonstrated with devices, traffic
etc. and the performance are evaluated.
 A significant output of simulation is the trace files. Trace files can document every
incident that happened in the simulation and are used for examination.
 NS2 has C++ and Object-oriented Tool Command Language (OTcl) of languages 2.
 It link together for C++ and the OTcl using TclCL.
 Open NMS (Network Management System) is a free and open-source initiative
grade network monitoring and network management platform.
 Network monitoring software notifications help the user/administrator for fixed errors.

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 THANK YOU
M.A. MOHAMED FAKRUDEEN,
COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHER,
CHENNAI.

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