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ComputerScience Hardwareprest

Uploaded by

gautammahesh1208
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Digital

Cameras
Chapter 3,
Hardware
By Gautam Mahesh, 9C
An Overview:
Digital cameras have almost completely replaced the olden film cameras in today’s world. Unlike the film camera, it
does not need to use a film to capture the image and then print it before revealing the picture, and instead uses computer
memory for storing pictures.
Purpose

Modern digital cameras have embedded


systems, which is designated to carrying out the
task of capturing a picture. Many of these
cameras simply link to a computer system
through wired connections or Bluetooth.
Functionalities:
As an embedded system, it carries out the following functionalities
to ensure a good picture:
1. Adjust the shutter speed
2. Focus on the image directly
3. Operate the flash gun automatically
4. Adjust the aperture size
5. Adjust the size of the image
6. Remove ‘red-eye’ when the flash gun has been used
What
Image capture occurs as light passes through a lens onto light-
sensitive cells, comprising millions of photodiodes (CCD sensors)
converting light to electricity.

happens Sensors, often termed pixels, collectively form the image.

when a
photo is
Tiny electric charges from the image are converted by an Analog to
Digital Converter (ADC) into a digital image array.

taken? The ADC transforms pixel electric charges into digital brightness
levels, with an 8-bit ADC offering 256 possible levels per pixel (e.g.,
01110011 represents a brightness level).
Sensors not only measure brightness but also capture colour
in a binary pattern.

Commonly, cameras employ a 24-bit RGB system, with each


pixel having 8 bits for red, green, and blue values (0 to 255
each).

Example: A shade of orange might be represented as 215


(red), 165 (green), and 40 (blue) in binary as 1101 0111 1010
0101 0010 1000 (or D7A528 in hex).

The file size of a photograph is determined by the number of


pixels.

Image quality relies on the camera lens, sensor array, pixel


count (more pixels = better image), lighting conditions, and
storage method (JPEG, raw file, etc.).
• User-friendly interface
• LCD screens for easy navigation
• Image management software included
• Image selection and editing capabilities
• Affordable price point
• Compact camera with higher resolution for "good"
quality images

Advantages
Disadvantage
s
• Limited lens selection options
• Not connected to a Laboratory
Information System (LIS)
• Manual downloading of images
required
• Manual assignment to a centralized
database or surgical accession
number
Fun facts!
• First Digital Camera: The first digital camera was invented by Kodak
engineer Steven Sasson in 1975. It weighed about 8 pounds and had a
resolution of 0.01 megapixels.
• Selfie Origins: The term "selfie" may be relatively recent, but the concept
dates to 1839. Robert Cornelius took the world's first selfie, a self-portrait,
using a daguerreotype process.
• Pixel's Origin: The word "pixel" is a combination of "picture" and
"element." It was first mentioned in 1965 by Frederic C. Billingsley of JPL
(Jet Propulsion Laboratory) to describe the elements of a video image.
• Smallest Digital Camera: The Chobi Cam One, recognized by the
Guinness World Records, is one of the smallest digital cameras. It measures
just 0.95 inches by 0.79 inches by 0.79 inches.
• Fastest Digital Camera: The world's fastest digital camera, developed by
researchers at Lund University in Sweden, can capture five trillion frames
per second. This speed allows for incredibly detailed studies of chemical
reactions and other rapid processes.
Bibliography
• https://www.labce.com/spg3038919_cameras_and_digital_devices_advantages_and_disadva.aspx#:~:text=
The%20quality%20of%20image%20from,Laboratory%20Information%20System%20(LIS)
.
• https://www.slrlounge.com/gifs-the-evolution-of-the-modern-camera/
• https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Inside-a-Digital-Camera_fig2_318500799
• https://www.lifewire.com/cameras-of-the-future-493442
• https://petapixel.com/2015/04/18/these-animated-gifs-show-the-evolution-of-cameras-through-history/
• https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/chobi-cam-one
• https://archive.nytimes.com/lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/12/kodaks-first-digital-moment/
THANK YOU!

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