Liver Cirrhosis Presentation.

• Subject: Adult Health Nursing
• Topic: Cirrhosis of liver.

• Presented to : Ma’am Nusrat.
• Presented by: Sabrina Bashir.
Objectives
• At the end of this presentation the student will be
able to:
• Define cirrhosis of liver
• Describe Pathophysiology of cirrhosis of liver
• Identify types of cirrhosis of liver.
• Enlist signs, symptoms and causes of cirrhosis of
liver.
• Discuss medical diagnosis and treatment cirrhosis of
liver
• Make nursing diagnosis and nursing intervention for
cirrhosis of liver.
Liver Cirrhosis
• Cirrhosis
It is a chronic liver disease
characterized by scarring of the liver that
involves the formation of fibrous (scar) tissue
associated with the destruction of the normal
parenchymal cells of the organ.
Pathophysiology
• Cirrhosis is often caused by
hepatitis and fatty liver ,
independent of the cause. If the
cause is removed at this stage, the
changes are still fully reversible.
• The Pathophysiology of cirrhosis is
the development of scar tissue that
replaces normal parenchyma,
blocking the portal flow of blood
through the organ and disturbing
normal function.
Types of cirrhosis
 The major types of cirrhosis based on pathological

classification are:
• Alcoholic cirrhosis (alcohol intake)
• Postnecrotic cirrhosis (hepatitis)
• Biliary cirrhosis (biliary obstruction)
Etiology
• Hepatitis C infection (long-term infection).

• Long-term alcohol abuse.
• Hepatitis B (long-term infection).
• Hepatotoxic drugs or toxins.
• Metabolic disorders of iron.
(hemochromatosis).
Clinical Manifestation
• Peripheral edema.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Constipation & diarrhea.
• Pain and fever.
• Clubbing.=occur due to oxygen
• dificiency
• An enlarged liver or spleen.
• Red spider-like blood vessels on
the skin
• Jaundice.
Diagnosis
• Complete blood count test (CBC).
• Liver function tests
• Serum albumin.
• Liver biopsy.
• Liver scan.
• Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen
• Ultrasound of the abdomen.
Treatment
 All patients with cirrhosis can benefit from certain
lifestyle changes, including:
• Stop drinking alcohol.
• Limit salt in the diet.
• Get vaccinated for influenza, hepatitis A and hepatitis
B.
• Laxatives, such as lactulose, decrease risk of
constipation.
Cont…
• Treatment for hepatic
cirrhosis involves
medications used to treat
the different types of
hepatitis, such as interferon
for viral hepatitis and
corticosteroids for
autoimmune hepatitis.
• Liver transplant.
Complications
• Liver failure.
• Spleenomegaly.
• Kidney failure.
• Hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Mental confusion.
• Coma.
Nursing diagnosis
• Acute pain related to liver enlargement .
• Activity intolerance related to fatigue and discomfort.
• Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements, related to chronic
gastritis, decreased GI motility, and anorexia.
• Altered breathing pattern r/t decreased lung expansion secondary to
intra-abdominal fluid collection (ascites).
Nursing interventions
• Provide comfort measures such as back rubbing
&changing position to relieve pain
• Teach the patient relaxation techniques like deep
breathing
• Provide quiet and calm environment.
• Give analgesics to relieve from pain and fever.
• Help and encourage patients to eat, e. Feed the patient
when fatigue or let someone nearby to help patients.
• Administer vitamin k as ordered.
Conclusion.
• cirrhosis of the liver is a serious disease that can lead to liver
failure and other complications. It is often caused by long-term
alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, and other liver diseases. Early
diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing further
damage and improving outcomes. Lifestyle changes such as
abstaining from alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, and
managing underlying medical conditions can help slow the
progression of the disease. It is essential to seek medical
attention if you experience symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice,
and abdominal pain.
References.
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK179047/
•
• https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/liveranatomy-
and-functions#.
•https://www.upmc.com/services/livercancer/liver#:~:text=Your%20liver%20is
%20located%20in,been%20f
lattened%20on%20one%20side..
• https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what

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• Subject: Adult Health Nursing

• Topic: Cirrhosis of liver.

 The major types of cirrhosis based on pathological

• Hepatitis C infection (long-term infection).

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