Internet and Its Tools

Three Primary Components of

Information Technology
THREE PRIMARY COMPONENTS OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• COMPUTER

• COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

• KNOW-HOW
COMPUTER

• IT IS A MACHINE THAT USES ELECTRONICS TO MANIPULATE,

PROGRAMS, STORE INFORMATION, RETRIEVE INFORMATION,
PROCESS DATA AND COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION NETWORK

• IS THE INTERCONNECTION OF DIFFERENT LOCATIONS THROUGH A

MEDIUM THAT ENABLES PEOPLE TO SEND AND RECEIVE DATA AND
INFORMATION OR TO COMMUNICATE AS WELL.
Categories of Computer
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
• Those are the Computers or Gadgets that can perform all of its
input, processing, output and storage activities by itself.
• Mobile Computer- a personal computer you carry from place to
place. Similarly, a mobile device is a computing device small enough
to hold in your hand.
• A portable electronic equipment
• Same functions with computer desktop and laptop but limited for
storage.
GAME CONSOLE
• IS A MOBILE COMPUTING DEVICE DESIGNED FOR SINGLE-
PLAYER OR MULTIPLAYERS VIDEO GAMES

• PLAYSTATION
• NINTENDO
• PSP
• XBOX
SERVERS
• Control access to the hardware,
software and other resources on
a network and provide
centralized storage area for
programs, data and information.
• It is use to stores, sends, and
receives data.
MAINFRAMES
• Is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected users simultaneously.
• Mainframes are high-performance computers with large amounts
of memory and processors that process billions of simple
calculations and transactions in real time. The mainframe is
critical to commercial databases, transaction servers, and applications
that require high resiliency, security, and agility.
 SUPERCOMPUTER
• Is the fastest, most powerful computer and the most expensive.
• Supercomputers play an important role in the field of
computational science, and are used for a wide range of computationally
intensive tasks in various fields, including weather forecasting,
climate research, oil and gas exploration (computing the structures and
properties of chemical compounds, biologically), and physical simulations
(such as simulations of the early moments of the universe, airplane and
spacecraft aerodynamics, the detonation of nuclear weapons, and
nuclear fusion, physics and chemistry) and Military and Defense.
• It works on calculations and can solve complex to complex logical problems
with amazing speed. The modern computer consists of its operating system
which enables computer to work on a different task at the same time, they
are called “Multi-tasking Machines”
EMBEDDED
COMPUTERS

• Embedded computers are purpose-built computing platforms, designed for a specific,

software-controlled task.
• These are not the typical tower or desktop consumer-grade computers we are used to
work with at home or at the office. Applications of embedded computers can range
from Industrial Automation, Digital Signage, Self-autonomous Vehicles, to Space
Exploration, and more.
• An embedded computer is a microprocessor-based system, specially designed to
perform a specific function and belong to a larger system. It comes with a combination
of hardware and software to achieve a unique task and withstand different conditions.
• Embedded Computer vs Desktop Computer:
• The main differences between an embedded and a desktop
computer are purpose and design.
• Embedded computers are purposeful and dedicated equipment
built from scratch to perform a specific task. It can run at
maximum, with low resources, and withstand harsh conditions
— something not possible with the consumer-grade computers.
• Another crucial distinction is that the general-purpose desktops
come with traditional motherboards, which allow you to expand
or replace its components. Embedded computers, on the other
hand, have all of its components burned-in in a single Printed
Circuit Board (PCB) or Motherboard.
 4 Types of Embedded Devices
• Real-Time
Real-time embedded systems are designed and installed to carry
out specific tasks within a pre-defined time limit.
Hard Real-Time Embedded Systems:
These systems prioritize deadlines, so they shouldn’t be missed
in any case.
Some of the real-time embedded systems examples are:
-Sound System of a computer (Soft real-time system)
-Aircraft control system (Hard real-time system)
• Stand-alone
These are self-sufficient systems that do not rely on a host
Networked
These systems are connected to a wired or wireless network to perform assigned
tasks and provide output to the connected devices. They are comprised of
components like controllers and sensors. Here are some network embedded
software examples:
ATMs
Home security systems
Card swipe machines
Mobile
These systems are smaller in size and easy to use. Though they come with
limited memory, people still prefer them due to their portability and handiness.
Here are a few mobile embedded control systems examples:
Digital cameras
Mobile phones
Smart watch
Fitness tracker
Communication Network
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION
NETWORK?
• A communication network is a collection of
methods that users employ to pass on
valuable information. The communication
network is the sum of all the means and
methods that an organization employs to
communicate.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
• Can be a simple network like connecting
two computers, to share files and network
among each other while it can also be as
complex as interconnecting an entire
building.
• LAN networks are also widely used to
share resources like printers, shared hard-
drive etc.
 Advantages of LAN
• Resource Sharing: Computer resources like printers, modems, DVD-ROM drives, and hard
disks can be shared with the help of local area networks. This reduces cost and hardware
purchases.
• Software Applications Sharing: It is cheaper to use the same software over a network
instead of purchasing separate licensed software for each client on a network.
• Easy and Cheap Communication: Data and messages can easily be transferred over
networked computers.
• Centralized Data: The data of all network users can be saved on the hard disk of the server
computer. This will help users to use any workstation in a network to access their data.
Because data is not stored on workstations locally.
• Data Security: Since data is stored on a server computer centrally, it will be easy to manage
data in only one place and the data will be more secure too.
• Internet Sharing: Local Area Network provides the facility to share a single internet
connection among all the LAN users. In Net Cafes, a single internet connection sharing
system keeps the internet expenses cheaper.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
(MAN)
• From the word “METROPOLITAN” relating to a large city, its surrounding suburbs,
and other neighboring communities.
• It is basically a bigger version of LAN. It is also called MAN and uses the similar
technology as LAN. It is designed to extend over the entire city. It can be means
to connecting a number of LANs into a larger network or it can be a single cable.
It is mainly hold and operated by single private company or a public company.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
• It generally covers large distances(states, countries, continents).
• Communication medium used are satellite, public telephone networks which
are connected by routers.
Advantages of WAN
• Covers a large geographical area so long distance business can connect on the
one network.
• Shares software and resources with connecting workstations.
• Messages can be sent very quickly to anyone else on the network. These
messages can have picture, sounds or data included with them(called
attachments).
• Expensive things(such as printers or phone lines to the internet) can be shared
by all the computers on the network without having to buy a different
peripheral for each computer.
• Everyone on the network can use the same data. This avoids problems where
some users may have older information than others.
Disadvantages of WAN

• Need a good firewall to restrict outsiders from entering and

disrupting the network.
• Setting up a network can be an expensive, slow and complicated.
The bigger the network the more expensive it is.
• Once set up, maintaining a network is a full-time job which requires
network supervisors and technicians to be employed.
• Security is a real issue when many different people have the ability
to use information from other computers. Protection against hackers
and viruses adds more complexity and expense.
 Wireless LAN

• These are the systems in

which every computer has
a radio modem and
antenna with which it can
communicate with other
systems. Wireless LANs are
becoming increasingly
common in small offices
and homes, where
installing Ethernet is
considered too much
trouble.
Wireless WANs
is a specific type of network that
sends wireless signals beyond a
single building or property. By
contrast, a local area network or
LAN connects computers and other
hardware pieces inside a residential
or commercial property. Wireless
wide area networks and wireless
local area networks also differ in the
types of signal processing
technologies they use.
Functions of
Information Technology
CAPTURE- the process of compiling detailed records of activities

PROCESSING- the process of converting, analyzing, computing, and

synthesizing all forms of data or information

GENERATION- the process of organizing information into a useful form,

whether as text, sound or visual image

STORAGE- the process by which a computer keeps data and information for
later use

RETRIEVAL – the process by which a computer locates and copies stored data
or information for further processing or transmission to another user

TRANSMISSION – the sending of data and information from one location to

another
Responsibilities of people who use it
• TO BE INFORMED- to know the capabilities and limitation
of IT

• TO MAKE PROPER USE- to use IT in a desirable and ethical

manner

• TO SAFEGUARD- to protect data and information against

damage or loss
Internet Basics
and Web
INTERNET
• It is a worldwide system of
interconnected computer networks.
• It connects several millions of
computers all over the world.
• There is no central computer.
• All computers are placed at different
places and are connected to each
other by phone lines, cables or
wireless connections.
 • The fastest growing area of internet is World
Wide Web (WWW).
• Enables you to access information stored in
computers connected to the internet.
World Wide • Consists of millions of websites.
Web • Most of these websites are divided into
pages called web pages.
• There is one main page or starting page
called as Home page.
 • The links to other pages are called
hyperlinks.
• Moving from one site to another on WWW is
called surfing the Net
World Wide • HTTP protocol (hypertext transfer protocol)
Web is one of the ways to transmit data in the
web.
• It also utilizes special software called
browsers to access websites and their
graphics, sounds and animations.
 Searching for information
• The internet provides easy access to new and varied information.
• Each site on the internet has a unique address.
• This unique address is known as URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
• If you want to access the site, type in the URL on the Address bar of the
web browser and press Enter.
• In a few seconds the Home Page of the site will appear on the screen.
 http://www.cmfri.org.in/
• The http:// helps your web browser to locate the webpage or website and to
display it for you to see.
• The www means that the page you're looking for is somewhere on the World
Wide Web.
• The next section, which is “cmfri”, is the name of the webpage or website. It is
flanked by dots on either side which separate it from other sections of the web
address.
 http://www.cmfri.org.in/
• The .org .in here is the top level domain name. A domain name is an
identification label that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority,
or control in the Internet.
• .org means sites belonging to non-profit organization
• .in means the Internet country code for India.
• .com (means that you're looking at a commercial site, or a site that someone
has paid to use)
• .edu (sites for educational institutions) and
• .gov (sites sponsored by state or central government).
Internet Safety
• Worms, trojans, spammers,
phishers and viruses are funny-
sounding names, but these are
part of the dark side of the
internet and the consequences
aren't very funny.
OTHER THINGS YOU CAN
DO TO THE INTERNET
• Email is one of the oldest and
most universal ways to
communicate and share
information on the Internet, and
billions of people use it.
• Social media allows people to
connect in a variety of ways and
build communities online.
Email
• Short for electronic mail, email is
a way to send and receive
messages across the Internet.
• Almost everyone who uses the
Internet has their own email
account, usually called an email
address.
SOCIAL
NETWORKING
• Social networking websites are
another way to connect and
share with your family and
friends online.
• Facebook is the world's largest
social networking site, with more
than 1 billion users worldwide.
CHAT AND INSTANT
MESSAGING
• Chat and instant messaging (IM) are
short messages sent and read in
real time, allowing you to converse
more quickly and easily than email.
• These are generally used when
both (or all) people are online, so
your message can be read
immediately.
• By comparison, emails won't be
seen until recipients check their
inboxes.
CHAT AND INSTANT
MESSAGING
• There are many sites that allow
you to watch videos and listen to
music.
• Other services, like Netflix and
Hulu, allow you to watch movies
and TV shows.
• And if have a set-top streaming
box, you can even watch them
directly on your television
instead of a computer screen.