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Measurement of Uncertainty

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16 views13 pages

Measurement of Uncertainty

Uploaded by

ajkmarketing01
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEASUREMENT OF

UNCERTAINTY

DR.VALEED KHAN
DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC
REHMAN MEDICAL INSTITUTE
WHAT IS UNCERTAINTY
• Statistically speaking
“Uncertainty of a measured value is an interval around that value
such that any repetition of the measurement will produce a new
result that lies within this interval.”
• Measurement is a process of experimentally obtaining a value for a quantity using a measurement
procedure comprising a logical set of operations.

• If the measuring system is sufficiently sensitive, repeated measurements on the same sample
generally produces different values, even if measuring conditions are kept as constant as possible.

• Thus repeated measurements do not produce a single value for the measured quantity, and
therefore there is uncertainty as to the true value of the measured quantity.

• Such result variability reflects the cumulative effect of unavoidable fluctuations in electro-
mechanical performance, reagents, calibrators, laboratory environment etc.
WHY WE DO MEASUREMENT OF
UNCERTAINTY?
• It is the process of determining how accurate and precise a
measurement is it also gives the confidence to analytical approach by
achieving the trueness in your analysis.
Types of error
• Remember no analysis is free of “error” or “uncertainty”

MEASUREMENT ERRORS

SYSTEMATIC RANDOM

1. INSTRUMENT
2. METHOD
3. PERSONEL
SYSTEMATIC ERROR (DETERMINATE)
1. Instrument errors - failure to calibrate, degradation of parts in the instrument, power fluctuations, variation
in temperature, etc.

2. Can be corrected by calibration or proper instrumentation maintenance.

3. Method errors - errors due to no ideal physical or chemical behavior completeness and speed of reaction,
interfering side reactions, sampling problems, can be corrected with proper method development.

4. Personal errors - occur where measurements require judgment, result from prejudice, color acuity problems.
Can be minimized or eliminated with proper training and experience.
RANDOM ERROR (INDETERMINATE)
• No identifiable cause; Always present, cannot be eliminated; the ultimate limitation on the
determination of a quantity. Eg. Electrical noise

• The accumulated effect causes replicate measurements to fluctuate randomly around the mean;
Give rise to a normal or Gaussian curve; Can be evaluated using statistics.
HOW TO DETERMINE ERROR
• Accuracy – closeness of measurement to its true or accepted value
• Systematic or determinate errors affect accuracy!

• Precision – agreement between 2 or more measurements of the sample made in


exactly the same way
• Random or indeterminate errors affect precision!
APPROACH TO CALCULATE THE UC/ERROR

• 2-3 replicates are performed and carried out through the entire experiment
results vary, must calculate “central” or best value for data set.

• Mean – “arithmetic mean”, average


• STANDARD DEVIATION: – the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of
values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean of the set, while a high
standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range
• COEFICIENT OF VARIANCE: is a statistical measure of the relative dispersion of data points in a data series
around the mean
• ERROR RATE: the difference between a measured or experiment value and an accepted or known value, divided by
the known value, multiplied by 100%
1. MEAN= 2.06+2.05+1.96 = 6.07/3= 2.02
2.STANDARD DEVIATION=

4.STANDARD ERROR= SD ÷ SAMPLE SIZE


STDERR = 0.056 ÷ 3
STD ERR = 0.018
3.CV %= (SD÷MEAN)*100

CV = 0.056÷2.02
= 0.027 *100
CV = 2.27 %
APPROACH OF UC/ERROR
PRINCIPLES OF GUM

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