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Rectification

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Maira Chaudhry
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9 views15 pages

Rectification

Uploaded by

Maira Chaudhry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RECTIFICATION

PRESENTED BY DR MAIRA
USING DEVICE :

1. In this process we are using DIODE which AC convert into DC


form.

PRINCIPLE:

2. Its working is based on the fact that the resistance PN junction Diode
RECTIFICATION become low when forward biased and high when reversed biased.

Key Point:

Because of this, a forward biased p-n junction has low resistance


(=voltage/current). Reverse current increases little as the reverse voltage
across the p-n junction increases significantly.
“ DEFINITION:

 Converting AC to DC is accomplished by the


process of rectification and two types of electro-
medical apparatus are diode valve and metal
rectifier

TWO PROCESS ARE USED :

1) HALF – WAVE RECTIFICATION

2) FULL – WAVE RECTIFICATION


HALF WAVE
RECTIFIER
DEFINITION:

A half wave rectifier is define as a type of rectifier that


only allows one half – cycle of an AC voltage waveform
to pass , blocking the other half cycle

Half wave rectifiers are used to convert AC voltage to DC Click icon to add picture
voltage , and only require a single diode to construct

Either positive half cycle or negative half cycle of the


input AC signal while the another half cycle is blocked

Which give output only for positive half cycle but not
for negative half cycle
HALF WAVE
RECTIFIER
Example:

The half wave is made up of an AC source transformer


(step-down), diode, and resistor (load) . The diode is placed
between the transformer and resistor (load)
Click icon to add picture
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

 The half wave rectifier either allows the


positive half cycle or negative half
We use very few components to construct
cycle. So the remaining half cycle is
the half wave rectifier. So the cost is very
wasted. Approximately half of applied
low
voltage is wasted in half wave rectifier
i.e produce pulsating current.
Easy to construct
 PULSATING DIRECT CURRENT
Produces low output voltage.
FULL – WAVE RECTIFICATION

A full wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which converts both half


cycles of the AC signal into pulsating DC signal.

As shown in the figure , the full wave rectifier converts both positive
and negative half cycle of the input AC signal into output pulsating
DC signal
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• High output voltage


• Improved regulation
• High Applications (motors Controls, • Full-wave rectifiers are generally larger
electric supply) and heavier than half-wave rectifiers
due to the increased number of
components.
• Complexity
Lower Efficiency
VALVE RECTIFICATION
CIRCUIT
Rectification takes all the negative voltage values and
makes them positive. It's the first step in turning AC into DC.
A basic circuit showing a valve rectifier and smoothing
capacitors working together to approximate a DC voltage.
METAL RECTIFIER

A metal rectifier is an early type of


semiconductor rectifier in which the
semiconductor is copper oxide, germanium or
selenium. They were used in power applications
to convert alternating current to direct current in
devices such as radios and battery chargers.
Westinghouse Electric was a major manufacturer
of these rectifiers since the late 1920s
TYPES OF METAL RECTIFIER:

Following two types of metal rectifiers are popularly used:


1. Copper oxide rectifiers
2. Selenium Rectifier.
Metal Rectifier
A metal rectifier works on the same principle as semiconductor diode
and one type consists of a copper disc coated on one surface with copper
oxide .

Copper oxide is p-type semiconductor and copper , being a metal , as


free electrons , so acts like an n-type semiconductor .

Thus when the two materials are in contact a p.n. a set up at their
junction .

When the rectifier is connected into a circuit with copper negative relative
to the copper oxide, current passes much more easily than when the
polarity is reversed .

In the latter case no current flows until EMF exceeds 8 volts .

A series of discs can be used to rectify larger voltages , but must be


separated from each other for suitable material, otherwise the p.n
developed at the contacts would cancel each other.
Metal Rectifier
Selenium rectifiers are also used

Selenium is p-type semiconductor and a t ill alloy in contact with it


acts as the n-type

The rectifying units are separated by appropriate materials each will


rectify up to 18 volts.
Click icon to add picture

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