COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

WHAT IS COMPUTER?
A computer is a programmable electronic device
that accepts raw data as input and processes it
with a set of instructions (a program) to produce
the result as output. It renders output just after
performing mathematical and logical operations
and can save the output for future use. It can
process numerical as well as non-numerical
calculations. The term "computer" is derived
from the Latin word "computare" which means
to calculate.
It is believed that the Analytical
Engine was the first computer
which was invented by Charles
Babbage in 1837. It used punch
cards as read-only memory.
Charles Babbage is also known
as the father of the computer
What is computer?
How did computer
accepts raw data?
What did the computer
do to inputted data?
How did the computer
produces an output?
 GROUP 1

BASIC COMPUTER COMPONENTS

Input Devices
Processing Devices
Output Devices
 Group 2

Different Types of Computer

type and description of each
 Group 3

Benefits of Using
Computer
Benefit-explain
each
 Group 4

The things that we do in our

daily life that is dependent
to computers.
Explain/expound.
 Group 5
History of Computers
First computer to the recent one
Give description of each
 Group 6

What are the careers in

Programming Field
(give description of each)
Ex. Software Engineer
 The basic parts without which a computer
cannot work are as follows:
• Processor: It executes instructions from software and
hardware.
• Memory: It is the primary memory for data transfer between
the CPU and storage.
• Motherboard: It is the part that connects all other parts or
components of a computer.
• Storage Device: It permanently stores the data, e.g., hard
drive.
• Input Device: It allows you to communicate with the computer
or to input data, e.g., a keyboard.
• Output Device: It enables you to see the output, e.g., monitor
Computers are divided into
different types based on different
criteria. Based on the size, a
computer can be divided into five
types:
1. Micro Computer:
• It is a single-user computer which
has less speed and storage capacity
than the other types. It uses a
microprocessor as a CPU. The
common examples of
microcomputers include laptops,
desktop computers, personal digital
assistant (PDA), tablets, and
smartphones.
2. Mini Computer:
• Mini-computers are also known as "Midrange
Computers." They are not designed for a single.
They are multi-user computers designed to
support multiple users simultaneously. So, they
are generally used by small businesses and
firms. Individual departments of a company use
these computers for specific purposes. For
example, the admission department of a
University can use a Mini-computer for
monitoring the admission process.
3. Mainframe Computer:
• It is also a multi-user computer capable of
supporting thousands of users simultaneously.
They are used by large firms and government
organizations to run their business operations
as they can store and process large amounts
of data. For example, Banks, universities, and
insurance companies use mainframe
computers to store the data of their
customers, students, and policyholders,
respectively.
4. Super Computer:
• Super-computers are the fastest and most expensive
computers among all types of computers. They have
huge storage capacities and computing speeds and
thus can perform millions of instructions per second.
The super-computers are task-specific and thus used
for specialized applications such as large-scale
numerical problems in scientific and engineering
disciplines including applications in electronics,
petroleum engineering, weather forecasting, medicine,
space research and more. For example, NASA uses
supercomputers for launching space satellites and
monitoring and controlling them for space exploration.
5. Work stations:
• It is a single-user computer. Although it is like
a personal computer, it has a more powerful
microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor
than a microcomputer. In terms of storage
capacity and speed, it comes between a
personal computer and minicomputer. Work
stations are generally used for specialized
applications such as desktop publishing,
software development, and engineering
designs.
Benefits of Using a Computer:
Increases your productivity: A
computer increases your productivity.
For example, after having a basic
understanding of a word processor,
you can create, edit, store, and print
the documents easily and quickly.
Connects to the Internet: It connects
you to the internet that allows you to
send emails, browse content, gain
information, use social media
platforms, and more. By connecting to
the internet, you can also connect to
your long-distance friends and family
members.
Storage: A computer allows
you to store a large amount
of information, e.g., you can
store your projects, ebooks,
documents, movies,
pictures, songs, and more.
Organized Data and
Information: It not only allows you
to store data but also enables you
to organize your data. For example,
you can create different folders to
store different data and
information and thus can search
for information easily and quickly.
Improves your abilities: It helps
write good English if you are not
good at spelling and grammar.
Similarly, if you are not good at
math, and don't have a great
memory, you can use a computer
to perform calculations and store
the results.
Assist the physically challenged: It
can be used to help the physically
challenged, e.g., Stephen Hawking,
who was not able to speak used
computer to speak. It also can be
used to help blind people by
installing special software to read
what is on the screen.
Keeps you entertained: You can
use the computer to listen to
songs, watch movies, play games
and more.
The computer has become a part
of our life. There are plenty of
things that we do in a day are
dependent on a computer. Some of
the common examples are as
follows:
ATM: While withdrawing cash from
an ATM, you are using a computer
that enables the ATM to take
instructions and dispense cash
accordingly.
Digital currency: A computer keeps
a record of your transactions and
balance in your account and the
money deposited in your account
in a bank is stored as a digital
record or digital currency.
Trading: Stock markets use
computers for day to day trading.
There are many advanced
algorithms based on computers
that handle trading without
involving humans
Smartphone: The smartphone that
we use throughout the day for
calling, texting, browsing is itself a
computer.