BITS College

Undergraduate Program
Course Code: SE132
Course Title: Object Oriented
Programming
Introduction to Java
Contents
1. Overview of Class
2. Variables & Literals
3. Data Types
4. Operators
5. Input & Output
6. Expressions & blocks
7. Conditional Statements
.
8. Looping Statements
9. Array
Overview of Class
class HelloWorld {
public static void main(string[] args) {
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}
}
 The class defines the blueprint from which objects can be created from
 It follows camel name convention and must be the same with the file name
 Every application in java must contain a main method, since execution starts from
main method
 The print statement prints the text to standard output (to the screen)
Variables & Literals
 A variable is a reserved memory (storage area) used for storing a value
 E.g int speedLimit = 80;
 A variable only store a value that matches its data type
 Unlike constants a value in a variable can be changed
 Variable naming rules
 Variables are case sensitive
 E.g. int age & int AGE are two different variables
 Variables must start with either a letter or an underscore, or a dollar sign
 A variable name can not start with numbers
 Whitespace can’t be used
 Use meaningful name when declaring a variable (recommended)
 Keywords can’t be used as variable name
Cont…
 Literals are data used for representing fixed values like 1, 2.5. ‘F’
 Types of literals
 Boolean Literals
 Used to initialize Boolean data types (e.g. boolean flag1 = true)
 Integer Literals
 Is a numeric value without any fractional part
 Floating-point Literals
 Is a numeric literal that has a fractional part
 Character Literals
 Is a character enclosed inside single quotes
 String literals
 Is a sequence of characters enclosed inside double-quotes
Data Types
Data types specify the type of data that can be stored inside a variable
List of primitive data types
 Boolean
 The default value is false
 Uses 1 bit to represent true or false
 Byte
 Default value is 0
 Uses 8 bits to represent the numbers between -128 to 127
 Short
 Default value is 0
 Uses 2 bytes to represent a number
Cont…
 Int
 Default value is 0
 Uses 4 bytes to represent a number
 Long
 Default value is 0
 Uses 8 bytes to represent a number
 Double
 Default value is 0.0d
 Is a double-precision 64-bit floating-point
 Float
 Default value is 0.0f
 Is a single-precision 32-bit floating-point
Cont…
Char
It is a 16-bit Unicode character
The default value is ‘\u0000’
 String (not a primitive data type)
It represents array of character and found in java.lang.String
Operators
Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %)
Relational operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=)
Logical operators (&&, ||, !)
Instanceof
Ternary operator( expression ? expression1 : expression2
Conditional Statements
If (condition){
statement(s)
} else if (condition) {
statement(s)
} else {
statement(s)
}

Switch(expression) {
Case value1:
code(s)
break;
default:
code(s)
}
Exercise
1. write a program that checks if a number is odd or even
2. Write a program that takes a number between 1 and 7 and displays the name of the
weekday
3. Take three numbers from the user and print the greatest number
4. Write a Java program to find the number of days in a month
5. Write a Java program that takes a single character from a user and prints Vowel or
Consonant, depending on the user input. If the user input is not a letter (between a
and z or A and Z), or is a string of length > 1, print an error message.
6. Write a Java program that takes a year from a user and prints whether that year is a
leap year or not.
Looping Statements
For loop
For (initialExpression; testExpression; updateExpression) {
statement(s)
}
Looping Statements
while loop
while (testExpression) {
statement(s)
}
Do…While
do…while loop
do {
statement(s)
} while(testExpression);
Exercise
1. Write a java program that counts the number of digits in a number
2. print the following shapes (rectangle, triangle and diamond) to
the screen
3. Write a program that calculates factorial of a given number
4. Write a program that takes a number and checks if the number is a
prime number or not
Array
An array is a variable that can store multiple values of same type
Use the following syntax to declare an array
• DataType[] name = new DataType[size];
An array can also be initialized during declaration
• DataType[] name = {val1, …, valn};
To access element of an array use the name of the array with its index
Exercise
1. Create an array of number with a size of 10. Then write a program that
sorts the array in a ascending order. And also write a program that
searches a number from the array.
2. Using the array created in the previous question, write a program that
calculates average of the numbers in the array