Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation
Course Title
Instructor’s Name
Due Date

CPM102 Introduction to Structures

  In the realm of civil engineering and architecture, structures are
designed and built to support loads and withstand various forces.
 The broad classification of structures encompasses several types,
each with unique components, load-bearing systems, design
criteria, advantages, and disadvantages.
 Understanding these different structural types is fundamental for
ensuring safety, functionality, and efficiency in construction
Introduction projects.
 Types of Structures include Load-Bearing, Wall Structures, Frame
Structures, Truss Structures, Shell Structures, and Composite
Structures.
 Investigating structural failures offers critical insights into the
causes of the collapse and helps in improving future designs. A
notable case study is the collapse of the Hyatt Regency Walkway
in Kansas City (1981) (Paul, 2023).
  Structures in civil engineering are essential to the framework of any
building or infrastructure, providing the necessary support to
withstand various forces and loads (Hao et al., 2023).
 Broadly, structures can be classified into different types, each
characterized by unique components, load-bearing systems, design
criteria, advantages, and disadvantages.
 Understanding these various structural types is crucial for ensuring
Types of safety, functionality, and efficiency in construction projects.

Structures  Load-Bearing Wall Structures, Frame Structures, Truss Structures,

and Shell Structures among other.

  Structural failures, while unfortunate, provide invaluable lessons
that help improve future construction practices.
 By analyzing these failures, we can identify critical flaws in design,
Structural construction, and materials, ultimately enhancing the safety and
reliability of structures (Siddika et al., 2020.
failure- Case  This PowerPoint examines a case study of a structural failure,
studies identifying key causes such as design errors, construction defects,
material failure, and overloading.
 The analysis is supported by relevant photos, graphs, and
sketches.
  The topics discussed in this case study—design errors,
construction defects, material failure, and overloading—are
crucial at both the design and construction stages.
Importance of  During the design phase, thorough analysis and testing of load-
Design and bearing elements are essential.
 Any changes to the design must be rigorously evaluated for their
Construction impact on structural integrity.
Topics  In the construction phase, clear communication and adherence to
design specifications are vital.
 Proper materials selection and testing ensure that the structure
can withstand the intended loads.
  Understanding the various types of structures in civil engineering and
analyzing structural failures are crucial for developing safe and
efficient construction practices.
 This graphical conceptual framework integrates these two aspects,
highlighting the relationships between different structural types,
their components, and the analysis of failures to improve future
Graphical designs and construction.
conceptual  Below is a description of a conceptual framework diagram that links
the classification of structures to the analysis of structural failures.
framework  While I can't create visuals directly, I will outline how you can
construct this diagram for clarity and detail. Certain of these
procedural models are good in that they are well-proven by analysis
and laboratory testing, usually on elements of the final structure, and
designers can use these procedures with some confidence.
 Much of the difference between the performance of the structural
element in the laboratory and in the structure is due to the random
nature of the parameters describing the system.
  A comprehensive understanding of different structural types, their
components, load-bearing systems, and compliance with standards
is essential for safe and efficient construction.
 Evaluating structures and examining case studies of structural
failures provide invaluable insights for enhancing design practices
and ensuring the reliability and longevity of buildings. By integrating
these principles, engineers can create structures that are not only
functional and cost-effective but also resilient and safe for the long
Conclusion term.
 The Hyatt Regency walkway collapse illustrates the devastating
consequences of design errors, construction defects, material failure,
and overloading.
 By analyzing such failures, we can identify critical areas for
improvement and ensure that future structures adhere to rigorous
design and construction standards. This case study emphasizes the
importance of thorough testing, clear communication, and
adherence to standards at every stage of a construction project,
ultimately safeguarding against similar tragedies in the future.
  Glaesener, R. N., Träff, E. A., Telgen, B., Canonica, R. M., & Kochmann,
D. M. (2020). Continuum representation of nonlinear three-dimensional
periodic truss networks by on-the-fly homogenization. International
Journal of Solids and Structures, 206, 101-113.
 Hao, H., Bi, K., Chen, W., Pham, T. M., & Li, J. (2023). Towards next
generation design of sustainable, durable, multi-hazard resistant,
resilient, and smart civil engineering structures. Engineering
Structures, 277, 115477.

References  Nurazzi, N. M., Asyraf, M. R. M., Fatimah Athiyah, S., Shazleen, S. S.,
Rafiqah, S. A., Harussani, M. M., ... & Khalina, A. (2021). A review on
mechanical performance of hybrid natural fiber polymer composites for
structural applications. Polymers, 13(13), 2170.
 Paul, R. E. (2023). Skywalks: Robert Gordon’s Untold Story of Hallmark’s
Kansas City Disaster. U of Nebraska Press.
 Siddika, A., Al Mamun, M. A., Ferdous, W., & Alyousef, R. (2020).
Performances, challenges and opportunities in strengthening
reinforced concrete structures by using FRPs–A state-of-the-art
review. Engineering Failure Analysis, 111, 104480.