Unit 4 Grammar

OUTLINE FOR UNIT 4: TALK ABOUT YOUR HOME
• Grammar: • Vocabulary:
• There is / There are • One man, 52 Jobs (vocabulary)
• WH: How, why, who • Speaking:
• ‘S and S’ • Describe your school life
• Reading:
• One Man, 52 Jobs
• Writing:
• The use of period/full stop
GRAMMAR
THERE IS/ THERE ARE
WH: HOW, WHY, WHO
‘S AND S’
USING THERE IS AND THERE
ARE
We use there is to say that something exists or is in a place.
There is a bridge in the park.
We use there is for singular nouns and there are for plural nouns.
There is a restaurant in the station.
There are two cafés in the shopping center.
AFFIRMATIVE
We can say there's instead of there is. We often say this when we speak.
But there is no short form for there are.
There is a restaurant in the station. > There's a restaurant in the station.
There are two cafés. > There're two cafés.
When we are speaking informally and make a list of things,

we often use there is or there's instead of there are.
There's a café, a supermarket and a bus stop on my street.
(Instead of There are a café, a supermarket and a bus stop on my street.)
Negative
For negatives, we use there isn't or there's not (= there is not) for singular
and there aren't (= there are not) for plural.
There isn't a pharmacy near the hotel.

There aren't any restaurants near the hotel.
We often use there isn't a + singular noun, there isn't any + uncountable
noun and there aren't any + plural noun.
There isn't a café near here.
There isn't any milk.
There aren't any toilets in the park.
To show that the negative is important, we also often use there is no + uncountable noun
and there are no + plural noun. (It is possible to use there is no + singular noun, but it's not
as common.)
There's no milk.
There are no toilets in the park.
QUESTION
For questions, we say Is there for singular nouns and

uncountable nouns and Are there for plural nouns.
Is there a café near here?
Is there any milk in the fridge?
Are there any toilets in the park?
To answer, we say Yes, there is (not Yes, there's) or No, there

isn't, or Yes, there are or No, there aren't.
Is there a café near here? Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
Is there any milk in the fridge? Yes there is. / No, there isn't.
Are there any toilets in the park? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't
SUMMARY
singular plural
there is
affirmative there are
there's
there is not
there are not
negative there isn't
there aren't
there's not
there isn't
a ... (countable)
negative + a/any there aren't any ...
there isn't
any ... (uncountable)
negative + no there is no ... there are no ...
question Is there ...? Are there ..?
HOW USAGE
Use “how” to ask about a method/way.
Examples:
Question Answer
How do you turn on this computer? You have to hold down the power
button.
How did your presentation go? It went well.
Questions with “how” also often involve the way
someone is feeling.
Examples:
Question Answer
How are you? I’m fine.
How do you feel? I’m nervous.
How are you feeling? Not great. I caught a cold.
HOW USAGE
• “How” is often used with another word such as “often” (to ask about
frequency), “much” (to ask about cost), or “many” (to ask about an amount).
• Examples:
Question Answer
How often do you brush your teeth? I brush my teeth twice a day.
How much does this jacket cost? It costs $75.00.
How many dogs do you have? We have two.
WH QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH
WHY USAGE
• Why
• Use “why” to ask about a reason.
• Examples:
Question Answer
Why do you like reading so much? I like it because I can learn new things.
Why did you call me? I called you to invite you to my party.
WHO USAGE
• Who
• Use “who” to ask about a person.
• Examples:
Question Answer
Who is that? It’s our new teacher.
Who did you invite to your party? I invited Maria, Lee, and Abdul.
WHAT USAGE
• Use “what” to ask about a thing.

• Examples:
Question Answer
What is your favorite movie? I love The Shawshank Redemption.
What did you do last night? I did my homework.
“What” is often used with another word such

as time (to ask about clock time).
Examples:
Question Answer
What time is it? It’s 4:30.
What time does the show start? It starts at 8:00 pm.
WHAT USAGE
“What” is also used before another noun to talk about a choice.

It’s usually interchangeable with “which.”
Examples:
Question Answer
What movie do you want to watch? Let’s watch the new Star Wars.
Which movie do you want to watch? Let’s watch the new Star Wars.
What kind of ice cream do you want? I would like chocolate, please.
Which kind of ice cream do you want? I would like chocolate, please.
WHERE AND WHEN USAGES
Use “where” to ask about a place.
Examples:
Question Answer
Where do you live? I live in California.
Where is your school? It’s on Somerset Street.
Use “when” to ask about time. When asking about

clock time, it's usually interchangeable with "what
time."
Examples
Question Answer
When do you start your new job? I start next month.
When does the class start? It starts at 9:00 am.
What time does the class start? It starts at 9:00 am.
‘S AND S’
•Possessive 's and s‘
•This is Sam's bicycle.
•Andy is Emma's brother.
•‘Have you seen Sam and Emma's garden?’ ‘It's really big.’
•My parents' friends came for dinner.
•Our children's toys are everywhere!
noun
Noun + 's or s'
Singular Sam's bicycle
Sam and Emma's house
Plural my parents' friends
my children's toys
‘ S A N D S ’C O N T .
We use possessive 's to say that something or someone belongs to a person, is connected to a place, or to show the
relationship between people. The possessive 's always comes after a noun.
•Sam's bicycle
•the shop's customers
•New York's museums
•Emma's brother
When something belongs to more than one person and we give a list of names, we put 's on the last name.
• Sam and Emma's houseSam's and Emma's house
With regular plural nouns we use ' not 's.

• They're my parents' friends.They're my parent's friends.
With irregular plural nouns we use 's.

• They're my children's bicycles.They're my childrens' bicycles.
's has two other uses.

•Jack's in the classroom. (= Jack is in the classroom.)
•Jack's got a new laptop. (= Jack has got a new laptop.)
Possessive 's has no long form.

• Here is Jack's room.Here is Jack is room.

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OUTLINE FOR UNIT 4: TALK ABOUT YOUR HOME

THERE IS/ THERE ARE

WH: HOW, WHY, WHO

When we are speaking informally and make a list of things,

There isn't a pharmacy near the hotel.

For questions, we say Is there for singular nouns and

To answer, we say Yes, there is (not Yes, there's) or No, there

• Use “what” to ask about a thing.

“What” is often used with another word such

“What” is also used before another noun to talk about a choice.

Use “when” to ask about time. When asking about

With regular plural nouns we use ' not 's.

With irregular plural nouns we use 's.

's has two other uses.

Possessive 's has no long form.

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