HOSTING,API,SSL,TYPES OF

DATABASES:

An Overview
C. V. VASISHTA
II nd B.SC CS A
 INTRODUCTION
• Provides an in-depth understanding of four fundamental components of modern
web development: HOSTING,SSL,API’S,TYPES OF DATABASES
 HOSTING
• Refers to the service that allows organizations and individuals to
post a website or web page onto the Internet,
• Provides the technologies and support needed for the website or
webpage to be viewed on the Internet.
• Hosted or stored on special computers called servers.
 API’S
 Application Programming Interface,
a set of rules that allow software
programs to communicate with each
other.
• Expresses a software component in
terms of its operations, inputs, outputs
and underlying types.
• Enables the integration and interaction
between different software systems,
makes it easier to develop and scale
applications.
 Aspect REST API GraphQL SOAP
Message-based using X
Using HTTP methods (GET, POST, Query-based with a single
Data Fetching over HTTP or othe
etc.) endpoint
protocols
SOAP messages fo
CRUD operations with standard
Data Manipulation Mutations for write operations operations and data
HTTP methods
exchange

Flexible with resource-based Rigid structure with de

Flexibility Flexible queries for data retrieval
endpoints message formats

Introduces new endpoints or Complex versioning due to query-

Versioning Versioning of entire ser
versioning based nature

Mature ecosystem with diverse tools Growing ecosystem with focus on Mature ecosystem w
Tooling and Ecosystem
and libraries GraphQL-specific tools strong enterprise supp

Efficient for resource-based Efficient for querying complex Efficient for structured
Performance and Efficiency
operations data structures exchange

Standard HTTP status codes for Custom error objects within SOAP-specific error c
Error Handling
errors responses and fault messages

Built-in support fo
 SSL
• Secure Socket Layer - protocol that provides security to
confidential data following the encryption process over the
internet. To provide data privacy, secure connection between
the server and the browser is created..
• To ensure data integrity, privacy and authentication, in 1995
Netscape developed an encryption-based Internet security
protocol called SSL, Secure Sockets Layer .
 Types of Databases
• Hierarchical Database
• A hierarchical database organizes data in a tree-like structure, with parent-child relationships. Each
parent can have multiple children, but each child has only one parent. It's efficient for certain queries
but lacks flexibility.
• Relational Database
• A relational database uses tables to store data, with rows representing records and columns
representing attributes. Tables are linked using foreign keys. It's highly structured, ensuring data
integrity and supporting complex queries.
• Centralized Database
• A centralized database is stored, maintained, and managed in a single location. This setup simplifies
data management but can be a single point of failure and may have scalability issues.
 Types of Databases
• Distributed Database
• A distributed database is spread across multiple locations or nodes. Improves reliability, availability, and scalability but
adds complexity in terms of data consistency and management.
• Object-Oriented Database
• An object-oriented database stores data as objects, similar to object-oriented programming. It supports complex data types
and relationships, making it suitable for applications requiring complex data representations.
• NoSQL Database
• NoSQL databases handle unstructured or semi-structured data and come in various types, like document stores, key-value
stores, and graph databases. They offer high scalability and flexibility, making them ideal for big data and real-time
applications.
• Network Database
• A network database uses a graph structure to represent relationships, allowing more complex many-to-many relationships
compared to hierarchical databases. It's more flexible but can be more challenging to design and query.
• Cloud Database
• A cloud database is hosted on cloud platforms, offering scalability, flexibility, and managed services. It eliminates the need
for on-premises hardware and allows for easy scaling and access from anywhere.