Ministry of Science and Technology Technological University (Hmawbi) Mechanical Engineering Department

1
Ministry Of Science and Technology

Technological University (Hmawbi)
Mechanical Engineering Department
DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF FUEL

INJECTION SYSTEM IN DIESEL ENGINE
TOYOTA HILUX SURF 2001
Graduation Thesis Title Defense
Date - 8.2.2024 Presented by :Mg Kaung Htet Oo

VI MECH-1
2
Outline Of Presentation
Aim and Objective

Introduction
Literature Review
Components Of Fuel Injection System
The working principle of the fuel injection system
Types Of Fuel Injection Systems
Equations For Calculation Fuel Injection System
Factors Influencing Fuel Injection System
Advantages And Disadvantages
Conclusions
3
Aim and Objectives
Aim Objectives
To enhance the performance and 1. To design and calculate fuel injection
environmental sustainability of diesel system for better fuel efficiency.
engines by thoroughly investigating 2. To analyze the effect of different
and optimizing the design of fuel injection pressures on combustion
injection system. characteristics.
3. To evaluate the influence of injection
system on fuel consumption and emissions.
4. To contribute valuable insights for
enhancing the design and operation of
diesel engines.
4
Introduction
The fuel injection system is a critical

component in diesel engines, playing a pivotal
role in optimizing combustion efficiency and
performance . Diesel engines have long been
the workhorses of various industries, powering
everything from transportation to heavy
machinery. Understanding of their fuel
injection systems is essential, as it directly
influences efficiency, power output, and
environmental impact.
Fig:1 Diesel Engine

5
Literature Review
Focus: Examines existing research on fuel injection system in diesel

engines.
Key Factors Studied: Combustion efficiency, emissions, and fuel
consumption.
Research Gaps: Further exploration needed for varied engine types and
operating conditions.
Advancements in Fuel Injector Technology : Fuel injectors are at the core
of efficient fuel delivery. Investigating advancements in injector
technology reveals innovations in nozzle design, materials, and electronic
control.
6
Components Of Fuel Injection System
 Fuel Injector
 Fuel Pump
 Injector Nozzle
 Fuel Filter
 High-Pressure Pump
 Common Rail
 Fuel Pressure Regulator
 Sensors
Fig:2 Fuel Injection System Components

7
Fig:3 Components Of Fuel Injection System

8
The working principle of the fuel injection system
 Fuel Supply : Diesel fuel is stored in a tank and fuel pump pressurized fuel to the filter.
 Fuel Filtration: Fuel undergoes filtration to remove impurities.
 High-Pressure Pump: A high-pressure pump pressurizes the fuel.
 Fuel Rail: Fuel is maintained at constant high pressure in a common rail.
 Injectors: Each cylinder has an injector controlled by the ECU. The injector opens to
release a high-pressure fuel spray.
 Injection Timing: ECU determines the precise moment for fuel injection.
 Fuel Injection Process: Fuel is atomized into fine droplets for efficient combustion.
 Combustion: Fuel mixes with compressed air and ignites spontaneously, producing
combustion.
9
Factors Influencing Fuel Injection System
 Injection Timing:
- Proper timing affects combustion efficiency, power output, and emission levels.
 Injection Pressure:
- Higher pressure promotes better atomization, combustion efficiency, and power.
 Nozzle Design:
-The shape and characteristics of the injector nozzle that influences fuel spray pattern.
Affects fuel atomization, distribution, and combustion quality.
 Fuel Atomization:
- Improved atomization enhances combustion efficiency and reduces emissions.
10
Types Of Fuel Injection Systems
 Single-point Fuel Injection or Throttle-body Injection
 Multi-point Fuel Injection or Port Injection
 Sequential Fuel Injection
 Direct Injection
In modern diesel engines , two common types of fuel injection systems are
widely used:
 Direct Injection (DI)
- In direct injection systems, fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber of
each cylinder. This allows for precise control over the fuel delivery and combustion
process.
11
 Common Rail Injection

Common rail systems store fuel at high pressure in a
common reservoir or rail. Each injector is connected to this
rail and can release precise amounts of fuel independently
into the combustion chamber.
Fig:4 Single-point injection Fig:5 Multi-point injection Fig:6 Direct Injection

12
Fig:7 Common Rail Diesel Fuel Injection System

13
Equation For Calculation Fuel Injection System
 Specific gravity of fuel =Density of fuel /Density of water
 Mass flow per second =specific fuel consumption × maximum output
 Volume flow rate per second of fuel=
 Pressure of cylinder
Adiabatic Equation; PV = constant
 Velocity of jet =
14
 Time of one injection =
 Number of injection per second =
 Volume Rate Of Flow Per Second Of Fuel Through The Injector
 V = Af time of one injection no of injection
 V= Volume rate of flow per second

 Af = Total orifice area require per injector
15
Advantages And Disadvantages
Advantages
 Improved Efficiency : Precise design enhances combustion efficiency, maximizing power
output.
 Enhanced Fuel Economy : Calculations optimize fuel delivery, leading to improved fuel
efficiency.
 Emission Reduction : Well-designed systems minimize emissions, meeting environmental

standards.
 Durability and Reliability : Accurate calculations promote longevity and reliability of

engine components.
16
Disadvantages
 Maintenance Challenges and Costs : Maintenance
procedures become critical, potentially increasing
operational costs due to the need for more frequent
inspections, filter replacements, and system cleaning to
address fuel-related issues.
 Dependency on Fuel Quality : Fuel injection systems are

highly reliant on consistent fuel quality. Variations or
contaminants in the fuel can impact the precision and
efficiency of the injection process.
17
Conclusions
The design and calculation of a fuel injection system for diesel engines stand as
indispensable pillars in the pursuit of optimal engine performance and
environmental responsibility. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in ensuring
compliance with rigorous emission standards.
The economic dimensions are equally profound, with well-designed fuel injection
systems contributing to heightened fuel economy and operational cost savings.
Additionally, the precision achieved in fuel atomization not only boosts thermal
efficiency but also minimizes wear and tear on engine components
As technology advances, the commitment to innovation in fuel injection system
design remains paramount.
18
References
"Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach" by Pahl , G., Beitz , W.,

Feldhusen , J., & Grote, K.
 "Structural Analysis: Principles, Methods, and Modelling" by Garcia,

A., & Sotelino , E.D.
 "Numerical Methods for Engineers" by Chapra , S.C., & Canale, R.P.
"Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering" by Ashby, M.,

& Johnson, K.
19
THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION

Ministry of Science and Technology Technological University (Hmawbi) Mechanical Engineering Department

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ministry of Science and Technology Technological University (Hmawbi) Mechanical Engineering Department

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ministry of Science and Technology Technological University (Hmawbi) Mechanical Engineering Department

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

Ministry Of Science and Technology

DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF FUEL

Date - 8.2.2024 Presented by :Mg Kaung Htet Oo

Aim and Objective

Aim and Objectives

The fuel injection system is a critical

Fig:1 Diesel Engine

Focus: Examines existing research on fuel injection system in diesel

Components Of Fuel Injection System

Fig:2 Fuel Injection System Components

Fig:3 Components Of Fuel Injection System

The working principle of the fuel injection system

 Common Rail Injection

Fig:4 Single-point injection Fig:5 Multi-point injection Fig:6 Direct Injection

Fig:7 Common Rail Diesel Fuel Injection System

Equation For Calculation Fuel Injection System

 Specific gravity of fuel =Density of fuel /Density of water

 Mass flow per second =specific fuel consumption × maximum output

 Volume flow rate per second of fuel=

 Time of one injection =

 Number of injection per second =

 Volume Rate Of Flow Per Second Of Fuel Through The Injector

 V = Af time of one injection no of injection

 V= Volume rate of flow per second

 Emission Reduction : Well-designed systems minimize emissions, meeting environmental

 Durability and Reliability : Accurate calculations promote longevity and reliability of

 Dependency on Fuel Quality : Fuel injection systems are

"Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach" by Pahl , G., Beitz , W.,

 "Structural Analysis: Principles, Methods, and Modelling" by Garcia,

 "Numerical Methods for Engineers" by Chapra , S.C., & Canale, R.P.

"Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering" by Ashby, M.,

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

You might also like