LESSON 1

Introduction to Information
and Communications
Technology
• The state of ICT technologies
• Online systems, functions, and platforms
 ICT in Our Everyday
Lives:

• Online platforms, Sites, and

Content
• Web 2.0 and Web 3.0
• The World Wide Web
• Trends in ICT
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

1. improve their knowledge on how ICT affects their

everyday lives and the state of our nation;

2. compare and contrast the differences between online

platforms, sites, and content;

3. understand the features of Web 2.0;

4. understand the future of the World Wide Web through

Web 3.0; and

5. learn the different trends in ICT and use them to their

advantage.
 Information and Communication
Technologies
Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) deals with the use of different
communication technologies such as mobile
phones, telephone, Internet, etc. to locate, save,
send and edit information.
 WEB 1.0:
When the World Wide Web was invented,
most web pages were static. Static (also
known as flat page or stationary page) in
the sense that the page is “as is” and
cannot be manipulated by the user. The
content is also the same for all users. This
is referred to as Web 1.0.
 WEB 2.0: DYNAMIC WEB PAGES

Web 2.0 is the evolution of Web 1.0

by adding dynamic web pages—the user
is able to see a website differently than
others. Examples of Web 2.0 include
social networking sites, blogs, wikis,
video sharing sites, hosted services, and
web applications.
 Web 2.0 allows users to interact with
the page: instead of just reading a page, the
user may be able to comment or create a user
account. Web 2.0 also allows users to use
web browsers instead of just using their
operating system. Browsers can now be used
for their user interface, application software
(or web applications), and even for file
storage.
 Most websites
that we visit today
are Web 2.0.
 FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
1. Folksonomy. It allows users to categorize and
classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g., tagging). Popular social networking
sites such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, etc. use
tags that start with the pound sign (#). This is also
referred to as hashtag.

2. Rich User Experience. Content is dynamic and is

responsive to user’s input. An example would be a
website that shows local content. In the case of social
networking sites, when logged on, your account is
used to modify what you see in their website.
 FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
3. Long Tail. Services are offered on demand rather than
on a one-time purchase. In certain cases, time-based
pricing is better than file-size-based pricing or vice
versa. This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan
that charges you for the amount of time you spent in the
Internet, or a data plan that charges you for the amount
of bandwidth you used.

4. User Participation. The owner of the website is not the

only one who is able to put content. Others are able to
place a content of their own by means of comment,
reviews, and evaluation. Some websites allow readers
to comment on an article, participate in a poll, or review
a specific product (e.g., Amazon.com, online stores).
 FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
5. Software as a Service. Users will subscribe to a
software only when needed rather than purchasing them.
This is a cheaper option if you do not always need to use
a software. For instance, Google Docs is a free web-
based application that allows the user to create and edit
word processing and spreadsheet documents online.
When you need a software, like a Word Processor, you
can purchase it for a one-time huge amount and install it
in your computer and it is yours forever. Software as a
service allows you to “rent” a software for a minimal fee.

6. Mass Participation. It is a diverse information sharing

through universal web access. Since most users can use
the Internet, Web 2.0’s content is based on people from
various cultures.
 WEB 3.0 AND THE
SEMANTIC WEB
The Semantic Web is a movement led by
the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

The W3C standard encourages web

developers to include semantic content
in their web pages.
 According to the W3C, “The
Semantic Web provides a common
framework that allows data to be shared
and reused across application,
enterprise, and community boundaries.”

The aim of Web 3.0 is to have

machines (or servers) understand the
user’s preferences to be able to deliver
web content specifically targeting the
user.
 Several problems of Web 3.0
1. Compatibility
HTML files and current web browsers could not support
Web 3.0.
2. Security
The user’s security is also in question since the machine is
saving his or her preferences.
3. Vastness
The World Wide Web already contains billions of web
pages.
4. Vagueness
Certain words are imprecise. The words “old” and “small”
would depend on the user.
5. Logic
Since machines use logic, there are certain limitations for a
computer to be able to predict what the user is referring to at a
given time.
 TRENDS IN ICT
1. Convergence
Technological convergence is the synergy of
technological advancements to work on a similar
goal or task.

2. Social Media
Social media is a website, application, or online
channels that enable web users to create, co-
create, discuss, modify, and exchange user-
generated content.
 TYPES OF SOCIAL MEDIA
1. Social Network – A website where people with
the same come together to share information.

Examples: Twitter, Instagram, Facebook

2. Social News – A website where user can post

stories and are ranked based on the popularity
through voting.

Examples: Digg, Reddit, Propeller, Slashdot, Fark

 TYPES OF SOCIAL MEDIA
3. Bookmarking Sites – A website that allows you
to share and store internet bookmarks, articles,
posts, blogs, images and others.

Examples: Pinterest, StumbleUpon, Dribble

4. Media Sharing – A website that allows you to

share and store multimedia files such as video,
photos and music.

Examples: Instagram, YouTube, Flickr

 TYPES OF SOCIAL MEDIA
E. Microblogging – a website that allows you to
broadcast short message.

Examples: Twitter, Tumblr, Meetme

F. Blogs and Forums – a discussion website that

allows user to ask questions and comments on a
journal posted by an individual or group.

Examples: Wordpress, Blogger

 ONLINE SYSTEMS
1. Online Enrollment System
An online enrollment system lets you input data such
as your personal information, your preferred course,
subject and schedule. PUP, De La Salle College, TUA
and other universities uses this kind of system.
2. Student Portals
One example is Technological Institute of the
Philippines’ Academic and Registration Information
System (ARIS). ARIS is a system in where you can
view your grades online by logging in to their website.
They also have mobile app for it for those who prefer
viewing it on their cellphones.
3. Online Shopping System
It is where you can purchase a product of your choice
online by creating an account on their website,
choosing the products and put it in your cart, and
paying through the use of debit and credit cards.
Example of an online shopping systems are Ebay,
Amazon, Lazada, OLX and many more.
3. Mobile Technologies
The popularity of smartphones and tablets
has taken a major rise over the years. This is
largely because of the devices’ capability to
do tasks that were originally found in personal
computers.
KINDS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:

a. iOS
b. Android
c. Blackberry OS
d. Windows Phone OS
e. Symbian
f. WebOS
g. Windows Mobile
4. Assistive Media
Assistive media is a nonprofit service
designed to help people who have visual
and reading impairments. A database of
audio recordings is used to read to the user.
 Glossary of Terms

Bit – the smallest unit of computer memory

storage capacity.

Broadband – a term used to describe a network

that can transmit a wide range of signals,
including audio and video. Broadband networks
are especially useful in the Networked World, as
they can carry many signals at once, resulting in
faster data transmission.
Byte – a sequence of bits that a computer
processes in individual units (e.g eight bits could
be processed as one byte.)
E-mail (electronic mail) – a computer-based form
of sending and receiving messages via the
internet.
Hardware – the physical parts of a computer
system, including the monitor, central processing
unit, memory, storage disks, printers and
scanners, and network equipment, such as
routers and servers.
Internet – an open network layer that allows for
the interconnection of various data networks
through the use of the TCP/IP Protocol.
ISP (Internet Service Provider – a company which
offers internet access to individuals or companies
through either temporary or dedicated
connections.
LAN (Local Area Network) – a group of computer
workstations connected to one or more common
servers for the sharing of files, printing services
and Internet access.
Mbps (Megabits per second) – a unit of
measuring the speed of transmission in a digital
connection; one million bits of data per second.
Programming – the act of creating software or
some other set of instructions for a computer.
URL (Universal Resource Locator) – an address
that is used to locate a particular resource
(website, file, server, etc. ) on the internet.
World Wide Web (www) – an internet-based
system for the retrieval of information from
distributed servers by use of a client or browser.