Science 8 Newton's Law of Motion

LESSON / MODULE 6
Newtons Laws of Motion

I. Law of Inertia
II. F = ma
III. Action-Reaction
LET’S PLAY
WHAT LAWS OF
MOTION IS
APPLIED?
ANSWER: LAW OF ACCELERATION
ANSWER: LAW OF INERTIA
ANSWER: LAW OF INTERACTION
Vocabulary
Inertia: the tendency of an object to resist changes in
its state of motion
Acceleration:
•a change in velocity
•a measurement of how quickly an object is
changing speed, direction or both
Velocity: The rate of change of a position along a

straight line with respect to time
Force: Push or pull (strength or energy

Key Idea being reinforced
When acceleration is applied to an

object, the object will then travel with
constant velocity (i.e., at the same
speed and direction) until it is acted
on by an external force
Newton’s Contributions
• Calculus
• Light is composed of
rainbow colors
• Reflecting Telescope
• Laws of Motion
• Theory of Gravitation
Newton’s First Law
(law of inertia)
An object at rest tends to stay at rest

and an object in motion tends to stay
in motion unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
Balanced Force
Equal forces in opposite

directions produce no motion
Unbalanced Forces
Unequal opposing forces

produce an unbalanced force
causing motion
If objects in motion tend to stay in motion, why don’t moving
objects keep moving forever?
Things don’t keep moving forever because

there’s almost always an unbalanced force
acting upon them.
A book sliding across a table slows

down and stops because of the force
of friction.
If you throw a ball upwards it will

eventually slow down and fall
because of the force of gravity.
(law of inertia)
• MASS is the measure of the amount of
matter in an object.
• It is measured in Kilograms
(law of inertia)
• INERTIA is a property of an object that
much it will resist change to the
describes how ______________________
motion of the object
• more _____
mass means more ____
inertia
1 Law
st
• Unless acted upon

by an unbalanced
force, this golf ball
would sit on the tee
forever.
What is this unbalanced force that acts on an
object in motion?
• There are four main types of friction:

– Sliding friction: ice skating
– Rolling friction: bowling
– Fluid friction (air or liquid): air or water
resistance
– Static friction: initial friction when moving an
object
1 Law
st
• Once airborne,
unless acted
on by an
unbalanced
force (gravity
and air – fluid
friction) it
would never
Inertia
Terminal Velocity
Newton’s Second Law
Force equals mass times

acceleration.
F = ma
• Force = Mass x Acceleration
• Force is measured in Newtons
ACCELERATION of GRAVITY(Earth) = 9.8 m/s2
• Weight (force) = mass x gravity (Earth)
Moon’s gravity is 1/6 of the Earth’s

If you weigh 420 Newtons on earth,
what will you weigh on the Moon?
70 Newtons
If your mass is 41.5Kg on Earth

what is your mass on the Moon?
• WEIGHT is a measure of the force of

gravity on the mass of an object
________
• measured in __________
Newtons
One rock weighs 5 Newtons.
The other rock weighs 0.5
Newtons. How much more
force will be required to
accelerate the first rock
at the same rate as the
second rock?
Ten times as much
Newton’s Third Law
For every action there is an equal and

opposite reaction.
Newton’s 3 Law rd
• For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
Book to
earth
Table to
book
Think about it . . .
What happens if you are standing on a
skateboard or a slippery floor and push against
a wall? You slide in the opposite direction
(away from the wall), because you pushed on
the wall but the wall pushed back on you with
equal and opposite force.
Why does it hurt so much when you stub

your toe? When your toe exerts a force on a
rock, the rock exerts an equal force back on
your toe. The harder you hit your toe against
it, the more force the rock exerts back on
your toe (and the more your toe hurts).
• A bug with a mass of 5 grams
flies into the windshield of a
moving 1000kg bus.
• Which will have the most
force?
• The bug on the bus
• The bus on the bug
• The force would be the same.
• Force (bug)= m x A
• Force (bus)= M x a
Think I look bad?

You should see
the other guy!
Action and Reaction on Different Masses
Consider you and the earth
Action: earth pulls on you
Reaction: you pull on earth

Action: tire pushes on road
Reaction: road pushes on tire
Reaction: gases push on rocket
Action: rocket pushes on gases

Consider hitting a baseball with a bat. If
we call the force applied to the ball by the
bat the action force, identify the reaction
force.
(a) the force applied to the bat by the hands

(b) the force applied to the bat by the ball
(c) the force the ball carries with it in flight
(d) the centrifugal force in the swing
Newton’s 3 Law
rd
• Suppose you are taking a space walk near the

space shuttle, and your safety line breaks.
How would you get back to the shuttle?
Newton’s 3 Law rd
• The thing to do would be to take one of the tools from your tool
belt and throw it is hard as you can directly away from the shuttle.
Then, with the help of Newton's second and third laws, you will
accelerate back towards the shuttle. As you throw the tool, you
push against it, causing it to accelerate. At the same time, by
Newton's third law, the tool is pushing back against you in the
opposite direction, which causes you to accelerate back towards
the shuttle, as desired.
What Laws are represented?
Review
Newton’s First Law:
Objects in motion tend to stay in motion
and objects at rest tend to stay at rest
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Newton’s Second Law:
Force equals mass times acceleration

(F = ma).
Newton’s Third Law:
For every action there is an equal and

opposite reaction.
1stlaw: Homer is large and
has much mass, therefore he
has much inertia. Friction
and gravity oppose his
motion.
2nd law: Homer’s mass x
9.8 m/s/s equals his
weight, which is a force.
3rd law: Homer pushes

against the ground and it
pushes back.
ANSWER IN WORKSHEET:
Q1. Who is a Scientist?

Q2. What things do scientists study?
Q3. How do scientists contribute to
our society?
Read out difficult or unfamiliar words
• situations;
• maximum;
• acceleration;
• velocity;
• newton;
• vertical;
• horizontal
Can we apply Newton’s three Laws of
Motion to a single situation?
• When a golfer uses a golf club to hit a golf ball, there are
basic forces involved. There are
• forces acting on the golf ball when it is sitting on the tee.
There are forces acting on the golf
• club supplied by the arms of the golfer as he swings.
There are forces acting on the golf ball
• as the golf club hits the ball. There are forces acting on
the golf ball once it has left the golf CLUB
QUESTIONS TO ANSWER:
• Q1. The text in the Information Box states: ‘There are
forces acting on the golf ball when it is sitting on
• the tee.’ Would these forces be balanced forces or
unbalanced forces?
• Q2. What does the acceleration of an object depend on?
• Q3. Why does the diagram in the Information Box indicate
that the path of the golf ball after the club
• hits the golf ball is a straight line?
ANSWER IN YOUR MODULE:
LET’S CHECK YOUR ANSWERS FROM THE MODULE
QUESTION 3 ANSWER:
• The pattern of ticks shows that all of Newton’s laws play a
part in hitting a golf ball.
•  The pattern of ticks shows that all of Newton’s laws
play a part in hitting a golf ball, but the first
• and second laws seem to play a more significant part.
•  [If a student ticks three laws for situation 2:] Some parts
of the golfer’s action can have all three
• laws operating at the same time
thank you!

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LESSON / MODULE 6

Newtons Laws of Motion

Velocity: The rate of change of a position along a

Force: Push or pull (strength or energy

When acceleration is applied to an

An object at rest tends to stay at rest

Equal forces in opposite

Unequal opposing forces

Things don’t keep moving forever because

A book sliding across a table slows

If you throw a ball upwards it will

• Unless acted upon

• There are four main types of friction:

Force equals mass times

Moon’s gravity is 1/6 of the Earth’s

If your mass is 41.5Kg on Earth

• WEIGHT is a measure of the force of

For every action there is an equal and

Why does it hurt so much when you stub

Think I look bad?

Consider you and the earth

Action: earth pulls on you

Reaction: you pull on earth

Action: rocket pushes on gases

(a) the force applied to the bat by the hands

• Suppose you are taking a space walk near the

Newton’s Second Law:

Force equals mass times acceleration

Newton’s Third Law:

For every action there is an equal and

3rd law: Homer pushes

Q1. Who is a Scientist?

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