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Lecture 5 Computer Memory

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Lecture 5 Computer Memory

Uploaded by

arsalan.softwares
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course tittle :

The computing application


Computer Memory
INTR ODUCTION

Computer memory is any physical device capable


of storing information temporarily or permanently.
MEMORY

Electronic components that store instructions, data, and


results

Consists of one or more chips on motherboard or other


circuit board

Each byte stored in unique location called an address,


similar to seats in a concert hall
MEMORY
CAPACITY
CLASSIFICATION OF
MEMORY

Memory

Internal
Processor Secondary
Main Memory
Memory Memory
INTERNAL PROCESSOR MEMORY

A small high speed memory inside the processor.

Temporary storage of instruction and data.

Example: Registers, built-in cache.


MAIN MEMORY
It is relatively large memory placed outside the
processor.

Data and instruction storage for the operation of the


processor.

Can be accessed directly and rapidly by the CPU.


Example: RAM, ROM
IMAGES OF MAIN
MEMORY
TYPES

MAIN
MEMOR
Y

RAM ROM
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
 A temporary storage that can be read from or written into by
the user.
Volatile memory.
Every location can be accessed independently.
Access time for every location is constant and independent of
it’s position.
Two types of RAM- Dynamic
RAM
RAM
Static

RAM
DYNAMIC RAM

DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM.


Relatively slower and low cost memory.
Used for main memory.
Contents are constantly refreshed 1000 times per
second
Access time 60 – 70 nanoseconds
TYPES
STATIC RAM

SRAM stands for static RAM.


Characterized by high speed and high cost.
Use six transistors to store data.
Access time 60 – 70 nanoseconds
Can accept one command and transfer one word of
data per clock cycle.
READ ONLY MEMORY
(ROM)

 A class of storage used in computer and other electronic


devices.
Data stored in it cannot be modified
Non-volatile memory.
In modern PCs, ROM is used to store the basic bootstrapping
firmware for the main processor, as well as the various firmware
needed to internally control self-contained devices such as
graphics card, hard disks, DVD drives, etc.
TYPES

Strict ROM

PROM

EPROM
ROM
EEPRO

EAROM

Flash
ROM
SECONDARY MEMORY

Much larger in capacity but slower than main


memory.

Permanent storage of data and instruction.

Example: Hard disk, CD, Floppy etc.


MEMORY HIERARCHY

 In computer architecture the memory hierarchy is a concept used


to discuss performance issues in computer architectural design,
algorithm predictions, and lower level programming constructs

 Involving locality of reference. The memory hierarchy in computer


storage separates each of its levels based on response time.
Cache Memory

• System performance suffers when processor waits for data


from slow memory device.
• Cache memory is introduced between the CPU and the
main memory.
• Cache is a high speed memory for holding recently
accessed data in main memory.
• The amount of cache memory has a tremendous impact on
the computer's speed.
TWO TYPES OF CACHE MEMORY

 Level-1 L1 cache: CPU resident cache


 Level-2 L2 cache: Motherboard resident cache.
THE OPERATION OF CACHE MEMORY
CONCLUSIO
N

Memory is an important part of computer. Without


memory, Probably a computer is of no use is a
greater sense.
~THANK YOU~

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