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Lecture 2 History

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Lecture 2 History

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arsalan.softwares
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Introduction To

Computing Application
Presenting by :
prof: Iqra khan

superior group of college depalpur


Objective
 Generation of Computer
 Ty p e s o f c o m p u t e r
 Classification of computer
 F i r s t Generation (1945 to 1955)

 Second generation (1955 to 1965)


 T h i r d generation (1966 to 1970)
 Fourth generation (1971 to 1980)
 F i f t h generation (1980 to present)
First Generation (1945 to 1955)
 I n 1946 first electronic computer ENAIC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Calculator ) was developed by Mr. J.Presper
Eckert and Mr. John Mauchly at University of Pennsylvania.

 I t uses 18,000 vacuum tubes and its cast was $500,000.

 I t s weight was 30 tons and occupied a 30 by 50 foot

space.
 I t produced large amount of heat.

 I t s speed was very slow.

 Mark-1, EDSAC, UNIVAC-1


Second generation (1955 to 1965)
 I n this second generation vacuum tubes was replaced by transistors.
 Transistor is an electronic component
 It was invented in 1948 at bell laboratories
 Transistor could preform the same functions in computer as vacuum
tube
 Speed / performance of this generation computers was improved in
comparison to first generation computers.
 Size, price , and heat produced reduced by using transistors.
 Example : IBM 7094 series, IBM 1400,etc
Third generation (1966 to 1970)
 I n this third generation transistors was replaced by IC’s (Integrated Circuits
i.e fabrication of thousands electronic components on single silicon chip ).
 The concept of IC was given by Jack Kilby in 1958
 In a small IC ship a circuit is designed having large number of electronic
components like transistors, capacitors, diodes

 Using this drastic reduction in the size of computers.

 Speed / performance was high in comparison to third generation.

 Heat produced by computers was reduced.


Fourth generation (1971 to 1980)
 I n this generation IC’s are replaced by LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuits :
more number of electronic components on silicon chip)
 It was possible to integrate over 30000 or more components on to a single LSI
chip
 The microprocessor was used as CPU in fourth generation
 These are low cast, small size and high performance in comparisons to third
generation computers
 the semiconductor memory is used in fourth generation computer. It is
because the internal storage of these computer
Fifth generation (1980 to present)

 I n this generation LSI are replaced by VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated
Circuits)
 Fifth generation computer device based on artificial intelligence are still
developed
 Size and cost of these computers is very less and performance is very high
Types of Computer
There are two basic kinds of computers:
• Analog Computer
• Digital Computer
• t f y b r id computer
Analog computers
 A word “analog ” means continuous
varying in quantity

 The analog computer accept input


data in continuous form and output is
obtain in the form of graph

 It mean computer accept input and


give data in the from of analog signal

 The voltage measure on scale for


example current , sound, speed etc
 T h e r m o m e t e r, a n a l o g c l o c k , v o l t m e t e r
Digital Computer
 A word “digital” means discrete in
quantity

 It refer the binary system, which


consist of only two digits ,0,1
 A binary digital computer uses digits
and process data, which is essentially in
a binary state.
 Digital data consist of binary data
represented by OFF(low) and ON(high)
 Example: Personal Computers,
scientific calculators, etc.
H y b r i d Computer
 I t refers t o computer t h a t contain
both digital and analog circuit.

 For Example: A digital


thermomet er converts the
temperature (analog signals) and
gives the output of measurement in
digits (digital signal)
Classification of Computer
• Micro Computer
• Mini Computer
• Mainframe Computer
• Super Computer
Micro Computer
 Micro computer is general purpose used
computer is also called pc computer .
 It is a single user computer system having moderately
powerful microprocessor
 The fastest, most powerful, most expensive
computer.
 Used for applications requiring complex
mathematical calculations Examples: Data
General, PCs Computer, and Prime
Computer.
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
 A small, portable computer built for
specific purposes such as for
keeping phone directories and
calendars. Tablet PC
 A computer that is shaped like a slate or notebook.
 Normally fitted with a touch screen for users to enter
input through a stylus.

Handheld Computer
 A small computer that can easily be fit in
one hand and operated by the other
hand.
Tablet PC

 A computer that is shaped like a slate or notebook.


 Normally fitted with a touch screen for users to enter
input through a stylus.

Notebook
 Portable, small enough to fit on your lap.
 Also called a laptop computer.
 Usually more expensive than a desktop computer
with equal capabilities.
Mainframe Computers
 Mainframe Computers are very
powerful large-scale general-
purpose computers.
 It’s me mo r y capacity is in
megabytes (MB) and storage
capacity is in terabytes (TB).
 They are used where large amount
of data are to be processed.
 Examples are: IBM 4 3 0 0 series, IBM
Enterprise, S y s t e m / 9 0 0 0 series
Super computer
 A supercomputer is a computer
which has high processing
capacity – particularly speed of
calculation.
 I t has high storage capacity in
Petabyte (PB).
 I t has number of CPUs t o make
more speed.
 Example: IBM roadrunner,
Cray Jaguar, Cray Titan, IBM
Sequoia, etc.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Computer
Advantages Disadvantages
• I t makes our w o r k easier, • I t is harmful t o health, i t
faster and accurate. affects eyesight and
• I t saves our cost and t i me backbones if we w o r k too
while collecting, long.
manipulating and storing
large amount of data • I t creates unemployment.
• I t helps in worldwide • I t makes people dumb and
communication. dull.
Assignment

 Use of computer in every field of life

 Send me this email id :


[email protected]
The

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