Lesson 2.

Elements of Poetry

Creative Writing
General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences
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2
When we are at the
height of our emotions,
we feel motivated to
read and write poetry.
Many of us are guilty of
being affected by poetry
and using it as a means
to express our feelings.

3
William Wordsworth, a
famous romantic poet, in
his popular ‘Preface’ to the
Lyrical Ballads, writes,
“Poetry is the spontaneous
overflow of powerful
feelings; it takes its origin
from emotion recollected
by tranquility.”

4
Poetry is an effective
vehicle of artistic
expression. In fact, it
enables a person to have a
deeper understanding of
how language can be
utilized to creatively
communicate with other
people.

5
In order to create an
eloquent and absorbing
poem, you should first be
familiar with the nature of
poetry and its elements.
This lesson will help you to
discover them.

6
 Identify the various elements, techniques,
and literary devices in specific forms of
Learning
Competency poetry (HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f-6).

Determine specific forms and conventions

of poetry (HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f7); and

Write a short poem applying various

elements, techniques, and literary devices
7
 ● Recognize the structure, types, and other
elements of poems.
Learning
Objectives
● Examine the different styles and
techniques in executing each element of a
poem.

● Interpret the connotative meanings in

poetry.

● Analyze the poem based on its elements.

8
 Poem Fever!
Let’s
Begin
1. The table below shows excerpts from famous
literary texts. You need to tell whether each of
them is from a poem or not. Write P (poem) if
the excerpt is extracted from a poem;
otherwise, write NP (not poem).

2. After determining the nature of each excerpt,

please answer the questions that follow.
9
 Poem Fever!
Let’s
Begin Literary Excerpt P/NP
Text
1. For Thank Heaven! the crisis—
Annie The danger is past,
And the lingering illness
Is over at last—
And the fever called “Living”
Is conquered at last.
10
 Poem Fever!
Let’s
Begin Literary Excerpt P/NP
Text

2. Madame We were in class when the head-

Bovary master came in, followed by a “new
fellow,” not wearing the school
uniform, and a school servant
carrying a large desk. Those who had
been asleep woke up, and every one
rose as if just surprised at his work. 11
 Poem Fever!
Let’s
Begin Literary Excerpt P/NP
Text

3. Poor Poor little heart!

Little Did they forget thee?
Heart! Then dinna care! Then dinna care!

12
 Poem Fever!
Let’s
Begin Literary Excerpt P/NP
Text

4. The I have done one braver thing

Underta Then all the Worthies did,
king And yet a braver thence doth spring,
Which is, to keep that hid.

13
 Poem Fever!
Let’s
Begin Literary Excerpt P/NP
Text
5. The Jewel It all seemed so real that I could hardly
of Seven imagine that it had ever occurred
Stars
before; and yet each episode came,
not as a fresh step in the logic of
things, but as something expected. It is
in such a wise that memory plays its
pranks for good or ill...
14
 1. How did you identify whether or not the
Let’s excerpt is a poem?
Begin

15
 2. What do you think is the difference
Let’s between poetry and prose when it comes
Begin to their structure?

16
 3. What do you think is the difference
Let’s between poetry and prose when it
Begin
comes to the way they use diction,
imagery, and figurative language?

17
Essential
Questions

What constitutes a poem? What

makes it different from prose?

18
 What Is Poetry?

Poetry is an imaginative, significant, sensuous, and impassioned

rhythmic work of art. It may be spoken (or sung) or written. It
may be conventional or unconventional. 19
What Is Poetry?

The Nature of Poetry

Writing
Poetry imitates the real world
(mimesis).

20
 What Is Poetry?

The Nature of Poetry

Writing
Poetry makes the familiar
strange (defamiliarization).

21
What Is Poetry?

The Nature of Poetry

Writing
Poetry expresses the thoughts
and feelings of the poet through
images (emotional expression).

22
 What Is Poetry?

The Nature of Poetry

Writing
Poetry utilizes figures of speech
(figurative language).

23
What is Poetry?

The Nature of Poetry

Writing
Poetry separates itself from
prose (poetic form).

24
 What is Poetry?

The Nature of Poetry

Writing
Poetry describes anything
through proper choice of words
(poetic description).

25
Check Your
Progress

Describe the nature of poetry.

26
 The Elements of Poetry
Structure of Poetry

Verse
● a unit of poetry similar to a line or stanza
● The number of lines within a stanza and the
number of stanzas in a poem are known as the
vertical measure.

27
 The Elements of Poetry
Structure of Poetry
Meter
● a unit of poetry that refers to the number of syllables in
a line

28
 The Elements of Poetry
Structure of Poetry
Meter
According to Harmon and Holman (1996), it is “the recurrence in
poetry of a rhythmic pattern, or the rhythm established by the
regular occurrence of similar units of sound.” A line also
consists of a set of metrical feet, which has a specific number of
syllables and a particular pattern of emphasis. The number of
syllables and metrical foot within a line is known as the
horizontal measure.
29
 The Elements of Poetry
Structure of Poetry
Table 1. Common types of metrical foot in English poetry

Type of Meter Example

trochee GARden, HIGHway, TIger

iamb deSTROY, deLAY, eQUATE

dactyl TYpical, HOSpital

anapest manneQUIN, promiNENT

30
 The Elements of Poetry
Structure of Poetry
Table 2. Numbers of metrical feet within a line

Metrical Foot Definition

monometer a one-foot line

dimeter a two-feet line

trimeter a three-feet line

tetrameter a four-feet line

31
 The Elements of Poetry
Structure of Poetry
Table 2. Numbers of metrical feet within a line

Metrical Foot Definition

pentameter a five-feet line

hexameter a six-feet line

heptameter a seven-feet line

octameter an eight -feet line

32
 The Elements of Poetry
Structure of Poetry

Rhyme
● words that have the same or
approximately the same final
sounds
● A rhyme scheme or rhyme
pattern is present if a set of
rhyming words are in the
poem.
33
 The Elements of Poetry
Structure of Poetry

Line break
● the exact point where the poet decides to end one line in
a poem and start with another
● There are two types of line breaks: the end-stopped line
and the enjambment. An end-stopped line is a line that
ends the sentence or the clause in a poem while an
enjambment is a line that has an incomplete sentence
or clause.
34
Writing
Do you want to create a poem in a certain
Tip meter, such as iambic trimeter or trochaic
tetrameter? Here’s a suggestion: Start your lines
with the foot you have chosen and count
syllables from there. Sooner or later, you will
end up making a syllabic poem that contains
your desired meter.

35
 The Elements of Poetry

Types of Poetry

Lyric poetry is a type of

subjective and formal poetry
originally accompanied by a
lyre.

36
 The Elements of Poetry

Types of Poetry

Narrative poetry is type of

poetry that tells a story.

37
 The Elements of Poetry

Types of Poetry

Dramatic poetry is a type of

emotional poetry that is created
to be spoken or acted. It tells a
story, like narrative poetry.

38
Check Your
Progress

What are the three major types of

poetry?

39
 The Elements of Poetry

Connotation is the idea or feeling that we associate with a

word, which is distinguishable from its dictionary meaning.
● private or personal connotations (the product of
someone’s own life experiences)
● national, racial, or linguistic connotations
(understood by a group of people)
● universal or general connotations (known by all
people)
40
 The Elements of Poetry
Connotation in Poetry

Example:
snake
● denotation: a type of
reptile
● connotation: a traitor

41
Check Your
Progress

How does understanding the difference

between connotation and denotation
help us in analyzing poetry?

42
 The Elements of Poetry
Forms of Poetry (According to Rhyme Scheme)

● Monorhyme (AAAA) is a type of poetry in which the

lines in a stanza end with words that have the same
final sounds.

● Alternate Rhyme (ABAB) is a type of poetry in

which the lines in a stanza follow an alternating
rhyming pattern.
43
 The Elements of Poetry
Forms of Poetry (According to Rhyme Scheme)

● Unbound or Ballad Quatrain (ABAC/ABCB) is a

type of poetry that has four lines, with varied rhyme
schemes.

● Double Couplet (AABB) is a type of poetry that has

four lines in which the first and the second lines
have terminal words with similar final sounds.
44
 The Elements of Poetry
Forms of Poetry (According to Length)

● Couplet refers to a pair of successive lines in

poetry, or poetry that has two lines.

● Tercet is a set of three lines in a stanza, or a type of

poetry that has three lines that are not monorhyme.

45
 The Elements of Poetry
Forms of Poetry (According to Length)

● Quatrain is a set of four lines in a stanza, or a type

of poetry that has four lines.

● Quintet is a set of five lines in a stanza, or a type of

poetry that has five lines.

46
 The Elements of Poetry
Forms of Poetry (According to Length)

● Sestet refers to a set of six lines in a stanza, or a

type of poetry that has six lines.

● Octave refers to a set of eight lines in a stanza, or a

type of poetry that has eight lines.

47
The Elements of Poetry

The Traditional Types of

Poetry
Ballad is a type of poetry that
narrates a story.

48
 The Elements of Poetry

The Traditional Types of

Poetry
Haiku is a type of poetry that
consists of three lines with a
syllable count of 5-7-5.

49
 The Elements of Poetry

The Traditional Types of Poetry

● Limerick refers to a five-line poetry that is usually

amusing and cheeky. It follows the AABBA rhyming
pattern.

● Sestina refers to a type of poetry that consists of six

stanzas followed by an envoi, or a short concluding
stanza.
50
The Elements of Poetry

The Traditional Types of

Poetry
Sonnet is a type of poetry that
has fourteen lines.

51
 The Elements of Poetry

The Traditional Types of Poetry

● Terza Rima is a type of poetry that is composed of

a set of interdependent tercets.

● Villanelle is a type of poetry that is composed of

five stanzas, each having three lines, followed by a
sixth stanza that contains four lines.

52
 The Elements of Poetry

Blank Verse

A blank verse is a type of unconventional poem that

consists of lines that do not rhyme with each other.
However, it follows a definite meter.

53
 The Elements of Poetry

Free Verse

A free verse is a type of unconventional poem that is free

of rhyme and meter.

54
Check Your
Progress

Among the forms of poetry that we

discussed, which do you like the most?
Explain your answer.

55
 Analyzing Selected Poems

Literary texts are always open for analysis and

interpretation. Readers, writers, and literary critics use
different kinds of approaches and theories to help them
understand and appreciate the texts they read.

(Please examine the contents of the study guide for a

detailed analysis of “The Lamb” by William Blake).

56
Writing You should gain confidence as you interpret a
Tip
poem. Remember that your interpretation is as
valid as other’s interpretation. Also, bear in
mind that the more you become knowledgeable
about poets and poetry, the better you will be
able to analyze poems.

57
 True or False. CLAP if the statement is true; STOMP if
Try This! the statement is false.

1. A double couplet is a type of poetry in

which the lines in its stanza follow an
alternating rhyming pattern.

58
 True or False. CLAP if the statement is true; STOMP if
Try This! the statement is false.

2. A free verse follows a definite meter.

59
 True or False. CLAP if the statement is true; STOMP if
Try This! the statement is false.

3. An ars poetica is a type of poem that

explains what poetry is.

60
 True or False. CLAP if the statement is true; STOMP if
Try This! the statement is false.

4. A trochee is a three-syllable metrical foot

which is accented on the third syllable.

61
 True or False. CLAP if the statement is true; STOMP if
Try This! the statement is false.

5. A couplet is a pair of successive lines in a

poetry, or a poetry which has two lines.

62
Wrap-
Up
● Poetry is an imaginative, significant,
sensuous, and impassioned rhythmic work of
art that takes on many forms. It may be
spoken (or sung) or written. It may be
conventional or unconventional.

63
Wrap- ● A poem should be able to
Up ○ imitate the real world (mimesis)
○ make the familiar strange (defamiliarization)
○ express through images the thoughts and
feelings of the poet (emotional expression)
○ utilize figures of speech (figurative language)
○ separate itself from prose (poetic form)
○ describe anything through proper choice of
words (poetic description)

64
 ● The elements of poetry are classified according to
Wrap- their structure, form, and type. With regard to
Up
structure, a creative writer should be familiar with
concepts such as rhyme scheme, poetic meter,
verse, and line break. With regard to its form, he
or she should determine the differences among
lyric, dramatic, and narrative poetry. With regard
to a poem’s type, he or she should choose which
among the many kinds he or she will create. These
types of poetry include haiku, limerick, villanelle,
sonnet, ballad, and others.
65
Wrap-
Up
● Literary texts are always open for analysis and
interpretation. Readers, writers, and literary
critics use different kinds of approaches and
theories to help them understand and
appreciate the texts they read.

66
Challenge
Yourself

Create a four-paragraph analytical essay

about Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s “If Thou
Must Love Me, Let It Be for Nought.”

67
Photo Credits
Slide no. 4: WILLIAM WORDSWORTH by summonedbyfells is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Creative Commons.

Slide no. 20: mimesis by Kai Schreiber is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Creative Commons.

Slide no. 21: Apple Doughnut by Pierre Tourigny is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Creative Commons.

Slide no. 22: Santorini Sunset by Antony Oliver is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Creative Commons.

Slide no. 25: Magnetic Fridge Poetry by Steve Johnson is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Creative Commons.

Slide no. 32: Joy : 3 by Liber the poet is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Creative Commons.

Slide no. 35: Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder - The Nine Muses - Erato (Lyric Poetry) by Irina is licensed under
CC BY 2.0 via Creative Commons.

68
Photo Credits
Slide no. 36: File:Tewkesbury Medieval Festival 2008 - Mounted knight.jpg by Andy Dolman is licensed under
CC BY-SA 2.0 via Creative Commons.

Slide no. 37: A sole monologue.... by Orpheus Paxlapis is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Creative Commons.

Slide no. 40: snake by LongitudeLatitude is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Creative Commons.

69
Bibliography
Craven, Jackie. “Lyric Poetry: Expressing Emotion Through Verse.” ThoughtCo. February 12, 2020.
https://www.thoughtco.com/lyric-poem-definition-examples-4580236.

Harmon, William. and C. Hugh Holman. A Handbook to Literature. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996.

MasterClass. “Poetry 101: Learn About Poetry, Different Types of Poems, and Poetic Devices With Examples.”
MasterClass. November 8, 2020.
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/poetry-101-learn-about-poetry-different-types-of-poems-and-poetic-d
evices-with-examples#quiz-0
.

Menoy, Jesus Z. Creative Writing. Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp., 2016.

Moustaki, Nikki. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Writing Poetry. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2001.

Venturino, Steven J. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2013.
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