ENGLISH

10
SNA
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SPELLING
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#1
1. Qualitative Research

2. Quantitative Research

3. Delimitation

4. Plagiarism

5. Citation
1. What is the main problem
present in the video?
2. What solution can you
suggest from the identified
problem present in the video?
OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify technical terms used in
research from the given statements;
2. Express the importance of learning
the technical terms used in research
through participation, and;
3. Create a title page of research
paper, about a significant issue
provided.
 Technical
Terms used
in Research
What is a Research?
Research
• A process of investigation or inquiry that requires
data collection, analysis and interpretation using
appropriate methodologies.
• Evaluates if the hypothesis is valid, as it gathers a
body of knowledge and findings to be shared by
students, teachers, and experts.
 Common
Technical Terms
in Research
Writing
1. Qualitative Research
• Data gathered are expressed in words.
• Use to understand concepts based on the
participant’s thoughts or experiences.
• Researchers gather the participants’
experiences through interviews, focus group
discussions, and open-ended questionnaires.
2. Quantitative Research
• Data gathered are expressed in numbers and
graphs.
• Use to test or confirm theories and
assumptions.
• Researchers gather data through experiments
and surveys with closed-ended questions.
3. Conceptual Framework
• Shows the relationship of research variables
present in a study.
• Help researchers assess and refine the goals,
develop realistic and relevant research
questions, select appropriate methods, and
identify the threats to the conclusion.
3. Conceptual Framework
• Illustrates and maps out the relevance of
the relationship between the research
variables.
• Based on the existing studies or theories
from the research’ literature review.
4. Population
• Represents the entire group of people
that meets the criteria of a study.
4. Population
 Subpopulation – a subgroup from the
population that is created based on research.
 Sample – selected from the population or
the subpopulation.
 Convenience samples – participants that
can be studied most easily, they are the
easiest for the researchers to access.
5. Title Page
• The first page of a research paper.
• It must be well formatted, for it represent an
entire study.
• It should include all the information necessary
for a reader to identify the contents of the paper,
such as the name of the paper, authors, and
institutional affiliation of the authors.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Global Health Concern

A Research Paper:
Presented to the
College of Medicine
University of the Philippines
Manila

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in
Methods of Research for the Degree
Bachelor of Science Basic Medical Sciences

Katrina Constantino
March 2020
6. Abstract
• Summarizes the contents of the research.
• Composed of one paragraph with 300
words or less and discusses the important
aspects of the entire paper.
6. Abstract
 the overall purpose of the study and the
research problem(s) being investigated.
 the basic design of the study.
 major findings or trends found as a
result.
 An Action Research Case Study on
Students’ Diversity in the Classroom:
Focus on Students’ Diverse Learning
Progress
Ruiting Wu1, Yongwei Tu2, Ruijuan Wu3, Quynh Le4, Bronwyn Reynolds5
1, 2, 4, 5 University of Tasmania
3 He Bei United University

ABSTRACT
Students’ diverse learning progress exists in every classroom. This study aimed to discover what strategies can
be used to deal with students’ diverse learning progress in classroom. The data gathering consisted of two
structured interview and observations. Qualitative approach was utilized to analyze the data. The study reflected
on the practices of addressing students’ diverse learning progress and made an action plan for improving
primary school teaching. The findings from this study have the potential to enrich the teaching approaches in
both primary and secondary schools.

Keywords: Diversity, learning progress, strategies, action research, ADHD

7. Introduction
• One of the first things researchers need
to write in research.
• Mentions the specific topic from a
general standpoint.
• Researchers establishes the scope,
context, and significance of the research.
7. Introduction
• States a piece of short background
information about the variables, which can
also be supported by citing existing studies.
• States the purpose, hypothesis, a brief
explanation of the research methodology, and
the potential outcome of the research.
INTRODUCTION

School education tends to provide society with uniform citizens. Students wear school uniforms, use
the same textbooks, and are usually taught as a whole class by the same approach. However,
individuals are never the same. There is a wide range of learning diversity in schools. In every
classroom, it commonly occurs that students’ learning progress is never at the same rate. The
students with disabilities or learning difficulties especially need extra help. It would be very difficult for
the teacher to give lessons to the whole class when students do not progress at the same level. Again,
each individual has his/her own preferred learning style. It would be very difficult for the teacher to
cater for every student’s preference. The Gladstone Web site (as cited in Inoue, 2005,p.3) described
diversity along the dimensions of “race, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or
other ideologies”. As individuals are unique, the students’ diversity in the classroom is inevitable.
Consequently, an important issue faced by educators and teachers arises: how to provide students
with a positive and supportive learning environment and “ move beyond simple tolerance to embrace
and celebrate the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual” (as cited in Inoue,
2005, p.3). This action research case study first provided the research aim and questions, and a
literature review on students’ diversity in the classroom. The study utilized experiences to find out what
had been occurring concerning students’ diversity in a primary school and particularly in a Year One
classroom.
8. Purpose of the Study
• States the aims and objectives of
the research.
9. Significance of the Study
• Researchers briefly discusses the
beneficiaries, significance, and
contribution of the study to the society.
• Significance of a research and thesis
study from two perspective:
9. Significance of the Study
 What is the general contribution of your
research on your field?
 What specific contribution have you
made to the knowledge and who does this
benefit the most?
10. Statement of the Problem
• Identifies the problems or questions that
your research would like to answer or
prove based on the data that will be
gathered.
10. Statement of the Problem
Example:
1. How does repetitive practice testing
affect final exam scores?
2. How many repetitions are needed to see
an increase in the final exam score?
11. Hypothesis
• States what your research may find out.
• It answers the main research question.
• It may indicate predictions on the different
opposite outcomes of the research as it is based on
existing theories or studies.
• It must be testable, which a researcher can support
r refute based on the data gathered.
11. Hypothesis
 Null Hypothesis(H0) – a prediction that
there is no significant change, effect, or
relationship between the variables.
 Alternative Hypothesis(H1) – a prediction
that there is a significant change, effect, or
relationship between the variables.
12. Scope
• Dictates the extent of how deep the
researchers will explore the research questions.
• Indicates specific restrictions such as
timeframe or population so that the research is
feasible to finish.
13. Delimitations
• Explains some aspects of the variables that is
going to be excluded from the research.
• Describes the boundaries that the researchers
have set for the study.
• Strongly related to the theory and research
questions.
14. Theoretical Framework
• Understanding of theories and concepts
that are relevant to the topic of the research
paper and that relates to the broader areas of
knowledge being considered.
15. Sampling Design
• How the participants of the study are
selected.
16. Participants
• Persons who voluntarily participate in the
research, after giving informed consent.
17. Instruments
• These are the interview questions, tests,
surveys, or checklists used in the research.
• Determined by the researchers and is tied to
the study methodology.
• Sometimes, these are selected based on the
previous studies that are related to the main
research.
18. Data Collection Method
• Tools to be used in the research, to collect
data.
• Selecting the data collection method depends
on the aims and research problems the
researchers want to answer.
• Practicalities and resource constraints should
also be considered in the selection process.
18. Data Collection Method
Examples:
a) Focus groups and group interviews.
b) Interviews (can be unstructured, semi- structured, or
structured)
c) Surveys (online or physical surveys)
d) Observations
e) Documents and records
f) Case studies
19. Survey
• Data collection method comprised of
multiple- choice or rating scales.
• Convenient for researchers when there is a
need to gather a huge number of data, because
it is easier to score or analyze.
20. Questionnaire
• An instrument made up of series of
questions to gather information from
respondents.
• Can be facilitated online or face-to-face.
21. Results
• Finding from the data that researchers have
collected from the study.
• Should be arranged in a logical manner based on
the research questions being addressed using graphs,
charts, and tables, to be easily understood by the
readers.
• Each figure should have a description and a
summary of the significant findings below.
22. Data Analysis
• The process of applying statistical procedures
to describe and illustrate the data collected.
• Data gathered are transcribed and analyzed
using statistical procedure depending on the
research design to generate support for the
hypothesis or research problems.
23. Conclusion
• This is where the key findings are
summarized and arranged in a manner that
answers the research problem.
• Explains if the findings proved the null or
alternative hypothesis.
• Should include references from existing
studies, to finish the conclusion stronger.
24. Recommendation
• Discuss specific measures or directions that
can be taken by other researchers to further
your study.
• May provide suggestions for changes in the
methodology.
25. Reference
• Located at the last page of the research paper which
is written in a style format depending on the
requirement of the institution.
• Lists of all the sources that researchers used in their
study, so readers can easily find what they have cited.
• Serves as guide for other researchers to look into
the existing studies that the researchers have cited in
the research.
26. Appendices
• Contains all the supplementary materials
used in the research such as the
questionnaires, rating scales, mathematical
proofs, and lists of the definition of terms, etc.
27. Figures
• These are the tables, charts, and graphs used
to present the summary of the raw data.
• Should be presented logically, to effectively
communicate the primary findings.
28. Plagiarism
• The use of someone else’s work and presenting it as
your own.
• Directly using ideas or information from a source
without indicating, is considered plagiarism.
• It can have severe penalties for researchers even if it
was accidentally done.
• Always remember to keep track of your sources and
cite them properly.
29. In-text Citation
• Used throughout in writing a research paper.
• It provides support to researchers claims
based on existing studies.
• It is a summarized, paraphrased, or quoted
information from another source.
Thank You!
Prepared by:

Angelica H. Gedaca

Pre- Service Teacher