AJ DCF Countersl
AJ DCF Countersl
Introduction: Counters
Counter is a sequential circuit consisting of a set of flip-
flops which can go through sequence of states.
It is used to count the number of clock cycles.
Since the clock pulses occur at known intervals, the counter
can be used for measuring time such as period or frequency.
In addition to being a storage element, a flip-flop also can
be used as a counter by stacking flip-flops serially by
connecting series of flip-flops.
The counting depends on the number of counts or number
of distinct states the counter has.
Introduction: Counters
A2 A1 A0
Q Q Q
J K J K J K
CP
1
Synchronous (Parallel) Counters
Note that in a binary counter, the nth bit (shown
underlined) is always complemented whenever
011…11 100…00
or 111…11 000…00
Synchronous (Parallel) Counters
Example: 4-bit synchronous binary counter.
TA3 = A2 . A1 . A0
TA2 = A1 . A0
TA1 = A0
TA0 = 1
1 A1.A0 A2.A1.A0
A0 J A1 J A2 J A3
J Q Q Q Q
C C C C
Q' K Q' K Q' K Q'
K
CLK
Up/Down Synchronous Counters
Up/down synchronous counter: a bidirectional
counter that is capable of counting either up or down.
An input (control) line Up/Down (or simply Up)
specifies the direction of counting.
Up/Down = 1 Count upward
Up/Down = 0 Count downward
Up/Down Synchronous Counters
Example: A 3-bit up/down synchronous binary
counter.
Clock pulse Up Q2 Q1 Q0 Down
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
7 1 1 1
Q0 Q1
1 T T T Q2
Q Q Q
Up C C C
Q' Q' Q'
CLK