Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 198 views

    GSM - Seminar - PPT - by Santosh Singh Nit Hamirpur

    Uploaded by

    Santosh Singh
    The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). It discusses the history and goals of establishing GSM as a global standard to replace country-specific analog cellular networks. It then describes the key components of GSM's system architecture including mobile stations, base station subsystems, network subsystems, and the interfaces between them. It also covers GSM operations like speech coding, frequency allocation, access technologies like FDMA and TDMA, handoff procedures, and the different numbering arrangements used in GSM like IMEI, IMSI, and MSISDN.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    GSM - Seminar - PPT - by Santosh Singh Nit Hamirpur

    Uploaded by

    Santosh Singh
    198 views27 pages
    The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). It discusses the history and goals of establishing GSM as a global standard to replace country-specific analog cellular networks. It then describes the key components of GSM's system architecture including mobile stations, base station subsystems, network subsystems, and the interfaces between them. It also covers GSM operations like speech coding, frequency allocation, access technologies like FDMA and TDMA, handoff procedures, and the different numbering arrangements used in GSM like IMEI, IMSI, and MSISDN.

    Original Description:

    GSM

    Original Title

    Gsm_seminar_ppt_by Santosh Singh Nit Hamirpur

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). It discusses the history and goals of establishing GSM as a global standard to replace country-specific analog cellular networks. It then describes the key components of GSM's system architecture including mobile stations, base station subsystems, network subsystems, and the interfaces between them. It also covers GSM operations like speech coding, frequency allocation, access technologies like FDMA and TDMA, handoff procedures, and the different numbering arrangements used in GSM like IMEI, IMSI, and MSISDN.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    198 views27 pages

    GSM - Seminar - PPT - by Santosh Singh Nit Hamirpur

    Uploaded by

    Santosh Singh
    The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). It discusses the history and goals of establishing GSM as a global standard to replace country-specific analog cellular networks. It then describes the key components of GSM's system architecture including mobile stations, base station subsystems, network subsystems, and the interfaces between them. It also covers GSM operations like speech coding, frequency allocation, access technologies like FDMA and TDMA, handoff procedures, and the different numbering arrangements used in GSM like IMEI, IMSI, and MSISDN.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    GSM GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

    SUBMMITTED BY:SANTOSH SINGH ROLL # 08446

    DISCUSSION TOPICS
    History
    System Architecture

    GSM operation
    Frequency Resources Access Technologies Handoff Numbering arrangements

    HISTORY
    Early 1980s there were analog technologies: Advanced Mobile Phone Services(AMPS)in North America. Total Access Communications System(TACS) in the UK. Nordic Mobile Telephone(NMT) in Nordic countries. Each country developed its own system which caused problems: System worked only within the boundaries of each country. Mobile equipment manufacturers markets were limited by the operating system.

    HISTORY(contd.)
    Solution was GSM, which is digital technology and was developed by CEPT(Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications). The Goals of GSM: High speech quality Low-cost mobile sets and base stations Support for international roaming one system for all of Europe Support for range of new services and facilities Compatibility with ISDN and other telephone company services. Enhance privacy Security against fraud

    System Architecture

    System Architecture Mobile Station (MS)


    The Mobile Station is made up of two entities: Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Mobile Equipment: Produced by many different manufacturers Must obtain approval from the standardization body Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) Mobiles transmit and receive voice at 13 kbps over air interface

    System Architecture Mobile Station (MS) contd.


    Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Smart card containing the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI),serial number ,subscriber key(ki) SIM features and contents are personalized by the service activator Protected by a password or PIN MS also stores some temporary data on SIM during operation

    System Architecture Base Station Subsystem (BSS)


    Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts that communicate across the standardized Abis interface

    Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

    Base Station Controller (BSC)

    System Architecture Base Station Subsystem (BSS) contd.


    Base Transceiver Station (BTS): Houses the radio transceivers that define a cell Transmits and receives voice at 13 kbps to the mobiles Commands mobiles to set Tx power and handovers

    System Architecture Base Station Subsystem (BSS) contd.


    Base Station Controller (BSC) Several BTS are connected to one BSC BSC manages channel allocation , handovers and release of channels at connected BTSs BSC Connects to each BTS on an Abis interface and to the MSC on A interface BSC has the entire database for all cell parameters associated with the BTSs

    System Architecture Network Subsystem


    Mobile Switching Center (MSC): Exchange where calls are established , maintained and released It contains Database for all subscribers and there associated features Communicates with BSCs on MS side and with PSTN on fixed line side Three main jobs: 1) connects calls from sender to receiver 2) collects details of the calls made and received 3) supervises operation of the rest of the network components

    System Architecture Network Subsystem contd.


    Home Location Registers (HLR) MSC has all subscribers database stored in HLR HLR has all permanent subscribers database MSC communicates with HLR to get the data for subscriber on call HLR will have the series of all subscriber numbers which may not be activated or issued

    System Architecture Network Subsystem contd.


    Visitor Location Registers (VLR) A subscription when activated is registered in VLR VLR has all the subscriber number which are activated MSC communicates with HLR for subscribers coming from different MSCs and if found valid then register them in its VLR

    TRAU-transcoder/rate adaption unit TRAU converts the data rates between 13kbps GSM rate to 64kbps standard ISDN(integrated service digital network) rate and vice versa TRAU can be allocated with the BTS,BSC or MSC or it can be a separate unit.

    System Architecture Network Subsystem contd.


    Authentication Center (AUC) Authentication is a process by which a SIM is verified Secret data and the verification process algorithm are stored at AUC AUC is the element which carries out the verification of SIM Associated with HLR
    Equipment Identity Register (EIR) EIR is the Mobile Equipment Database which has a series of IMEIs MSC ask the mobile to send its IMEI MSC then check the validity of IMEI with the EIR All IMEI are stored in EIR with relevant classification : white list , black list , grey list

    GSM OPERATION
    Speech Speech

    Speech coding

    Speech decoding

    13 Kbps
    Channel Coding 22.8 Kbps Interleaving 22.8 Kbps Ciphering (Encryption) De-ciphering De-interleaving Channel decoding

    33.6 Kbps Radio Modulation (GMSK) 270.83 Kbps

    Interface

    Demodulation

    Frequency Resource

    GSM900 : uplink: 890~915MHz downlink: 935~960MHz duplex interval: 45MHz Bandwidth of uplink and downlink: 25MHz 1 channel carrier frequency: 200KHz 124 channels(of 200 KHz each) 1 gaurdband of 200KHz

    Access Technologies

    FDMA
    In FDMA, we assume that a base station can receive radio signals in a given band of spectrum, i.e., a range of continuous frequency values. The band of frequency is broken up into smaller bands, i.e., subbands. Each transmitter (user) transmits to the base station using radio waves in its own subband.

    FDMA (Contd)
    A sub band is also a range of continuous frequencies, e.g., 824 MHz to 824.1 MHz. The width of this subband is 0.1 MHz = 100 KHz.
    When a users is assigned a subband, it transmits to the base station using a sine wave with the center frequency in that band, e.g., 824.05 MHz. When the base station is tuned to the frequency of a desired user, it receives no portion of the signal transmitted by another in-cell user (using a different frequency). This way, the multiple local transmitters within a cell do not interfere with each other.

    TDMA
    In pure TDMA, base station does not split up its allotted frequency band into smaller frequency subbands. Rather it communicates with the users one-at-atime, i.e., round robin access.

    HANDOFF
    When a mobile moves into a different cell while a conversation is in progress, the MSC automatically transfers the call to a new channel belonging to the new base station. Handoff operation identifying a new base station re-allocating the voice and control channels with the new base station. Handoff Threshold Minimum usable signal for acceptable voice quality (-90dBm to -100dBm) handoff margin Pr,handoff Pr,minimum usable Handoff margin cannot be too large or too small. If is too large, unnecessary handoffs burden the MSC If is too small, there may be insufficient time to complete handoff before a call is lost.

    A Handoff
    Suppose a user is transmitting and receiving signals from a given base station, say B1. Assume the user moves from the coverage area of one base station into the coverage area of a second base station, B2. B1 notices that the signal from this user is degrading. B2 notices that the signal from this user is improving

    A Handoff
    At some point, the users signal is weak enough at B1 and strong enough at B2 for a handoff to occur. Specifically, messages are exchanged between the user, B1, and B2 so that communication to/from the user is transferred from B1 to B2.

    Numbering Arrangement
    International mobile equipment identity(IMEI)

    It will uniquely identify a mobile station. It is a decimal number of 15 digits. Its structure is: TAC+FAC+SNR+SP

    TAC=model ratification code, 6 digits FAC=factory assembling code, 2 digits SNR=sequence code, 6 digits SP=reserved, 1 digit

    Numbering Arrangement
    International Mobile Subscriber Identification number (IMSI)

    It identifies a unique international universal number of a mobile subscriber, which consists of MCC+MNC+MSIN.(15 digits) 1) MCC: country code, 404(3 digits) 2MNC: network code, 00 or 01(2 digits) 3MSIN: subscriber identification (10 digits) the IMSI of user will be written into the SIM card by specific device and software and be stored into the HLR with other user information.

    Numbering Arrangement
    Mobile Subscriber ISDN NumberMSISDN

    It is the subscriber number commonly used. CC+NDC+ SN CC: country code, NDC: network code, SN: subscriber number

    THANK YOU

    You might also like