4 Fundamentals of Operating System
4 Fundamentals of Operating System
CAT 202
Prepared By:
Ms. Shivani Jaswal
Assistant Professor
1
Syllabus
Unit I
Basics of Operating Systems: Definition, Generations of operating systems,
Types of Operating Systems: Mainframe, Desktop, Multiprocessor, Distributed,
Clustered, Multiprogramming, Real time, Embedded and Time sharing.
Fundamentals of Operating System: Multitasking, Multiprogramming,
Timesharing, Buffering, Spooling
Operating System Components: Process Management Component , Memory
Management component, I/O Management component , File Management
component, Protection System, Networking management component,
Command interpreter.
2
Syllabus
UNIT- II
3
Syllabus
Unit-III
Overview of Unix/Linux, Unix / Linux Startup, User accounts, Logging in and out,
Shutting out, Dual Booting, Command line, Getting Help using man and info pages,
creating files, Unix / Linux file and directory structure, Browsing the file system,
Mail, Unix / Linux Commands, Using Linux GUI- KDE and Gnome, Processes in
Unix / Linux, Bash Shell introduction, Command line shortcuts, Standard I/O,
Redirecting I/O and errors, using pipes, Using vi-editor.
Shell Programming.
4
Operating System
• Operating system is an integrated set of programs that manages the
various hardware resources such as processors, memory, I/O
devices, communication devices and the overall operations of a computer
system.
5
Operating System contd…
• An operating system is a layer of software on the top of the bare
hardware of a computer system.
• This operating system manages all parts of the system, and presents to
the user with an interface or virtual machine, that is easier to program
and use.
• It means, the OS hides the details of the hardware resources from the
programmer and provides the programmer with a convenient interface
for using the computer system.
6
Operating System contd…
7
Fundamentals of Operating System
Multitasking
Multiprogramming
Time Sharing
Spooling
Buffering
8
Multitasking
• Technically, multitasking is same as multiprogramming.
9
Multitasking contd….
• Thus, multitasking is the method of processing the multiple tasks
concurrently in a single user system.
10
Multitasking contd….
Cooperative
Pre-emptive Multitasking
11
Multitasking contd….
Cooperative Scheduling:
In this type of multitasking, a program can acquire the CPU for the
required amount of time. A program can share CPU with any other
program that is executing simultaneously, if it does not currently
require the CPU. Microsoft Windows 3.x are the examples of
cooperative multitasking
12
Multitasking contd….
Preemptive Scheduling:
13
Multiprogramming
14
Multiprogramming contd….
15
Advantages of Multiprogramming contd….
3. Many jobs may be ready to run on the CPU, which means that CPU
scheduling is required
17
Timesharing system
5. Each user program is allocated a very short period of CPU time one by
one beginning from the first user program and proceeding the last one,
and then again beginning from the first one.
6. This short period of time during which user gets the attention of the
CPU is known as time slice, time slot or quantum. It is typically of order
of 10 to 100 milliseconds.
19
Timesharing system contd…
8. It releases the CPU under any of the following three conditions:
21
Advantages of Timesharing
• Reduces CPU idle time: Timesharing reduces idle time of CPU and
increases the utilization of CPU by switching from one program to
another in rapid succession.
22
Thank You
23