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04 Fuel Injector

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Ganesh Balaji
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12 views37 pages

04 Fuel Injector

Uploaded by

Ganesh Balaji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fuel Injection System

in CI Engine
Functional Requirements of an Injection
System:
1. Accurate metering of the fuel per cycle
2. Timing the injection of the fuel correctly in the cycle so that maximum power
is obtained ensuring fuel economy and clean burning.
3. Proper control of rate of injection so that the desired heat release pattern is
achieved during combustion.
4. Proper atomization of fuel into very fine droplets.
5. Proper spray pattern to ensure rapid mixing of fuel and air.
6. Uniform distribution of fuel droplets throughout the combustion chamber.
7. To supply equal quantities of metered fuel to all the cylinders in case of multi
cylinder engines.
8. No lag during beginning and end of injection to eliminate dribbling of fuel
droplets into the cylinder.
Classification of injection Systems
1. Air Injection System
2. Solid Injection System
i. Individual pump and nozzle system
ii. Unit injection system
iii. Common rail system
iv. Distribution system
All the above systems comprise mainly to the following
components.
1) Fuel tank, 2) fuel pump, 3) injection pump, 4) Governor, 5)
injector, 6) fuel filters
Main Components
Typical Fuel Feed System for a IC Engine
Schematic Diagram of Distributor System
Schematic Diagram of Fuel Feed Pump
Fuel Injection Pump
1. Jerk Type Pump
2. Distribution Type Pump
Helical Grove
Helical Grove
Helical Grove
Fuel Injection Pump
Distribution Type Pump
Fuel Injector:
Atomization is done by forcing the fuel through a small orifice under high
pressure.
The injector consist of
1. A needle valve.
2. A compression spring
3. A nozzle
4. An injector body
Nozzle: A Nozzle is the part of an injector through which the liquid fuel
sprayed into the combustion chamber.
 Atomization: for proper mixing
 Distribution: to cover the required area
a) Injection pressure
b) Density of air in the cylinder
c) Physical properties of fuel
d) Prevention of impingement on walls
e) Mixing
Fuel Injector
Type of Nozzles:

1. Pintle Nozzle
2. Single hole Nozzle
3. Multi hole Nozzle
4. Pintaux Nozzle
Injection in SI Engine
Advantages:

Increased volumetric efficiency


Better thermal efficiency
Lower exhaust emissions
High quality fuel distribution
Electronic Injection System
1. To have uniform distribution of fuel in a multi cylinder
engine.
2. To improve breathing capacity
3. To reduce or eliminate detonation
4. To prevent fuel loss during scavenging In case of two stroke
engines.
Type of injection systems
5. Gasoline direct injection onto the cylinder
6. Port injection
7. Manifold injection
Merits and Demerits of EFI System
Merits:
1. Improvement in the volumetric efficiency.
2. Manifold wetting is eliminated due to the fuel being injected into or close to
the cylinder and need not flow through the manifold.
3. Atomization of fuel is indecent of cranking speed and therefore staring is
easy.
4. Better atomization and vaporization will make the engine less knock.
5. Formation of ice on the throttle plate is eliminated.
6. Distribution of fuel being independent of vaporization, less volatile fuel can
be used.
7. Variation of air fuel ratio is all most negligible.
8. Position of injection unit is not so critical.
Demerits:
9. High maintenance cost,
10. Difficulty in servicing
11. Possibility of malfunction of some sensors
Typical sensors for an electronic fuel injection system

1. Exhaust gas or oxygen sensor: amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas


2. Engine temperature sensor: temperature of coolant
3. Air flow sensor: volume of air flowing into the intake manifold
4. Air inlet temperature sensor: ambient temperature of inlet air
5. Throttle position sensor: movement of the throttle plate
6. Manifold pressure sensor: vacuum in the engine intake manifold
7. Camshaft position sensor: rotation of engine camshaft for speed and timing
of injection.
8. Knocking sensor: detects the pre-ignition noise.

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