Scribd
Upload
9 views

Unit V Data Collection

Uploaded by

sabithmohammed77752
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Unit V Data Collection

Uploaded by

sabithmohammed77752
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 64

DATA COLLECTION

INTRODUCTION:
INTRODUCTION:

• Data : means information that is systematically collected in


the course of the study.

• Method: refers to the means of gathering data

Ask 5 questions during data collection ?


• What data will be collected?
• How will the data be collected?
• Who will collect the data?
• Where will the data be collected?
TYPES OF DATA COLLETION

• Observation method:

Structured v/s Unstructured observation

• Self report
Interview :
• Structured v/s unstructured interview

• Face to face v/s telephonic interview

Questionnaires : open ended or closed ended questions

• Bio physiological measures


Factors in choice of data collection
method
Characteristics of study population
• Literacy
• Physical and mental abilities
• Motivation

Access to sample
• Location
• Time available for data collection
• Infrastructure available (telephones, mail service access)
OBSERVATION METHOD

• It is a method of data collection in which researchers


observes subject’s individual characteristics within a specific
research field.

Example:
 Symptoms (Pain)
 Verbal & non verbal communication
 Behavior : Facial expression, body posture etc.
 Skill attainment
Structured observation :
• These are carried out when the researcher has prior knowledge about
the phenomenon of interest

• The data collection tool is Checklist/Rating scale etc.

Ex: A study to find out the skill on self administration of insulin by


diabetic patient

Unstructured observation: The researcher attempts describe the


events/behaviors as they occur with no preconceived ideas of what will
be seen
Checklist: It include several questions that have the same response
format

• Ex: Observational checklist on Preparation for neonatal


resuscitation
Not Performed Performed
Sl
Steps performe incorrectly correctly
No
d
1 Prepares an area for 0 1 2
resuscitation
2 Prepares an equipment’s 0 1 2
3 Wash hands and wears gloves 0 1 2
4 Checks function of ambu bag 0 1 2
SELF REPORT

Interviews: face to face/through a telephone

Types:

Structured Interviews: asking the same question in the


same order/same manner to all the respondents
Ex: Are you currently member of trained nurses
association?
• Yes
• No
Unstructured Interviews:

 The interviewer given a great deal of freedom to


direct the course of interview

The respondent is encouraged to talk about whatever


they wish that is relevant to researcher’s
interests(broad questions)

Ex: What happened when you first heard that you had
cancer?
• Semi-structured Interviews: Interviewers are generally
required to ask a certain number of specific questions, but both
interviewer and the subject are free to deviate from the prepared
agenda

Ex:

• what is your opinion of working women in Bangalore?

• How do you describe a working women relationship with family


members?
QUESTIONNAIRE :
• A questionnaire is a self report instrument

• It contains series of questions prepared by the


researcher that are filled by the study subjects

Types of questions:

• Open Ended Question: study subjects respond in their


own words
• Ex: Years of working experience in the hospital ……………..
Closed Ended Questions

• These are most structured type of questions in which


subjects were asked to choose from given alternatives

Ex: What is the normal heart rate of a newborn baby?


• 60-80 beats/min
• 80-100 beats/min
• 120-160 beats/min
• 160-180 beats/min
Visual analog scale (VAS):

These scales are used to measure subjective


experiences such as pain, fatigue and dyspnea
SCALES:

A scale provides a numeric score to place respondents on


a continuum with respect an attribute, like a scale for
measuring people weight.

• Scales are used to discriminate quantitatively among people with


different attitudes, fear, perceptions and needs

• Scales are created by combining several closed ended items into


a composite score
Likert scales :
5 point Likert scale
Ex: Assessment of job performance of an employee
Sl ITEMs Very Good Average poor Very
no good poor
1 Job knowledge and skills 5 4 3 2 1

2 Quality of work 5 4 3 2 1
3 Initiative and motivation 5 4 3 2 1

4 General conduct is good 5 4 3 2 1

5 Discipline 5 4 3 2 1

6 Team work 5 4 3 2 1
Semantic differential scale:

Ex: what is your opinion about Nursing Superintendent:

Competent 5 4 3 2 1 Incompetent

worthless 1 2 3 4 5 valuable

kind 5 4 3 2 1 cruel

Bad 1 2 3 4 5 Good

Fair 5 4 3 2 1 Biased
Bio physiological measures

• This includes bio-physiological phenomena(dependent variable)

that are measured through specialized technical equipment's.

Types:

• In-vivo measurements: use of specialized equipment's to

measure one/more attribute of a subject.

Ex: Use of sphygmomanometer to monitor blood pressure


In-vitro measurement:

• Data are gathered by extracting physiological material

from subjects and submitting it for laboratory analysis

• Ex: measurement of sugar, Hb %, electrolytes level,


bacterial culture, tissue biopsy etc.
Any
questions ?
THANK YOU
REFERENCES:

• Denise FP, Cheryl TB, Nursing research, wolter’s


kluwar/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 9 th edition; 2011:
273 -553.

• Rose MN. Foundations of nursing research Appeton and


lange. Stanford, Connecticut; 3rd ed: 1998. pg 169- 240

• Dr. Lalitha K, Dr. Nagarajaiah, Dr. Ramachandra, Research


methodology in nursing. National Institute Of Mental
Health And Neurosciences, 2009. Bangalore; Pg 48-59.
• Irfan AK, Atiya K. Fundamentals of biostatistics. Ukaaz
publications; 1st ed; 1994. Pg 7 – 22

• Bharat P, Shivani S. A textbook of introduction to


Research. S.Vikas and company publication India. 1 st
edition; 2011. Pg no. 54 -126.

• BT Basavanthappa. Nursing Research. Jaypee Brothers


Medical Publishers. 2nd ed; 2006. Pg 127-146; 153 – 214.

You might also like