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Spatial Database System

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Spatial Database System

Uploaded by

amariyaranaaaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spatial Database System

-> Parash Gyawali


A spatial database system:
• Is a database system
♦ A DBMS with additional capabilities for handling spatial data
♦ Offers spatial data types (SDTs) in its data model and query language
♦ Structure in space: e.g., POINT, LINE, REGION 
• Relationships among them: (l intersects r)
♦ Supports SDT in its implementation providing at least
♦ spatial indexing (retrieving objects in particular area without scanning the
whole space)
♦ efficient algorithms for spatial joins (not simply filtering the cartesian
product)
Application area :
• Geographical Information Systems
♦ E.g. data: road network and places of interest.
♦ E.g. usage: driving directions, emergency calls, standalone applications.
• Environmental Systems
♦ E.g. data: land cover, climate, rainfall, and forest fire.
♦ E.g. usage: find total rainfall precipitation.
• Corporate Decision-Support Systems
♦ E.g. data: store locations and customer locations.
♦ E.g. usage: determine the optimal location for a new store.
• Battlefield Soldier Monitoring Systems
♦ E.g. data: locations of soldiers (w/wo medical equipments).
♦ E.g. usage: monitor soldiers that may need help from each one with medical equipment
Spatial Representation:

• Raster model:
• Vector Model
Spatial Datatypes:
• Point : 2 real numbers
• Line : sequence of points
• Region : area included inside n-points
Modeling :
 Assume 2-D and GIS application, two basic things need to be represented:
• Objects in space: cities, forests, or rivers
♦ single objects
• Coverage/Field: say something about every point in space (e.g., partitions, thematic maps)
♦ spatially related collections of objects
 Spatial primitives for objects
• Point: object represented only by its location in space, e.g. center of a state
• Line (actually a curve or ployline): representation of moving through or connections in space, e.g. road, river
• Region: representation of an extent in 2d-space, e.g. lake, city
 Coverages
• Partition: set of region objects that are required to be disjoint (adjacency or region objects with common boundaries), e.g.
thematic maps
• Networks: embedded graph in plane consisting of set of points (vertices) and lines (edges) objects, e.g. highways, power supply
lines, rivers
 Spatial relationships
• Topological relationships:
♦ E.g. adjacent, inside, disjoint.
♦ Are invariant under topological transformations like translation, scaling, rotation
• Direction relationships:
♦ E.g. above, below, or north_of, sothwest_of
• Metric relationships:
♦ E.g. distance

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