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Parallel Database System

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5 views

Parallel Database System

Uploaded by

amariyaranaaaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parallel database system

• Kasti Nakami (BEI005)


• Kelson Pradhan(BEI006)
Parallel database system

o Parallel database system improves performance of data processing using


multiple resources in parallel like multiple CPU and disk are used in parallel.

o It also performs may parallelization operations like data loading and query
processing.
Goals of Parallel Databases

1. Improve performance

The performance of the system can be improved by connecting multiple CPU


and disk in parallel. Many small processors can also be connected in parallel.

2. Improve availability of data


Data can be copied to multiple locations to improve the availability of data.

For example: If a module contains a relation (table in database) which is


available then it id important to make it available from another module .
Goals of Parallel Databases

3. Improve reliability
Reliability of system is improved with completeness, accuracy; and availability
of data.

4. Provide distributed access of data


Companies having many branches in multiple cities can access data with the
help of parallel database system.
Parallel Database Architecture

1. Shared memory
-processor share a common memory
2. Shared disk
- processor share a common disk

3. Shared nothing
-processor shared neither a shared a common memory nor a common disk
4. Hierarchical
-hybrid of the above architecture
Parallel Database Architecture
User

Processor

User Data User


Memory
Storage

Inter communication
channel
User

Parallel Database Architecture


Shared memory system
o Shared memory system uses processors which is attached to global memory
via intercommunication channel or communication bars.
o Shared memory system have large amount of cache memory at each
processor, so referencing of the shared memory is avoided.
o If the processor performs a write operation to memory location, the data
should be updated or removed from that location.
Shared memory system
Processor Processor Processor

Intercommunication Network

Global Memory

Disk Disk Disk

Shared memory system in parallel database


Shared memory system
o Advantage of shared memory system:
• Data is easily accessible to any processor
• One processor can send message to other efficiently

o Disadvantages of shared memory system:


• Waiting time of the processor is increased due to more number of processor.
• Band width problem
Shared disk system
o Shared disk system uses multiple processor which are accessible to
multiple disks via inter communication channel and every processor has
local memory.
o Each processor has its own memory so that data sharing is efficient.
o The system built around this system is called clusters.
Shared disk system

Memory Memory Memory

Processor Processor Processor

Intercommunication
Network

Global Memory

Disk Disk Disk

Shared disk system in parallel database


Shared disk system
o Advantages of shared disk system:
• Fault tolerance is achieved using Shared disk system.
• Fault tolerance: If a process can complete the tasks. This is called as fault
tolerance.

o Disadvantages of shared disk system:


• Shared disk system has limited scalability as large as amount of data travels
through inter connection channel.
• If more processor are added the existing processor slowed down.
Shared nothing disk system

o Each processor in shared nothing system has its own local memory and local
disk.
o Processors can communicate with each other through intercommunication
channel.
o Any processor can act as server to serve data which is stored in local disk.
Shared nothing disk system

Intercommunication Network

Memory Memory Memory

Processor Processor Processor

Disk Disk Disk

Shared nothing disk system in parallel database


Shared nothing disk system

o Advantages of shared nothing disk system:


• Number of processors and disk can be connected as per the requirement in
share nothing disk system.
• Shared nothing disk system can support. For many processor, which makes
the system more scalable.

o Disadvantages of shared nothing disk system:


• Data partitioning is required in shred nothing disk system.
• Cost of communication for accessing local disk is much higher
Hierarchical system or Non-uniform memory architecture
o Hierarchical model system is a hybrid of shared memory system, shared disk
system and shared nothing system
o Hierarchical model is also known as Non-uniform Memory Architecture
(NUMA).
o In this system each group of processor has a local Memory. But processors from
other groups can access memory which is associated with the other group in
coherent.
o NUMA uses local and remote memory (Memory from other group), hence it will
take longer time to communicate with each other.
Hierarchical system or Non-uniform memory architecture

o Advantages of NUMA:
• Improves the scalability of the system
• Memory bottleneck (shortage of memory) problem is minimized in this
architecture

o Disadvantages of NUMA:
• The cost of the architecture is higher compared to other architectures.
• Concept of data warehouse database.

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