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Polymerization

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7 views12 pages

Polymerization

Uploaded by

babykoalas88
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLYMERS

•POLYMERS
• INTRODUCTION & CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMERS
•ADDITION & CONDENSATION – POLYMERIZATION

Introduction to Polymers 1
WHAT ARE POLYMERS, MONOMERS
AND
POLYMERIZATIONS?
Polymers are macromolecules built up by the linking together of large
numbers of much smaller molecules.
Polymerization : The process of linking the repeating units (monomers) is
termed as polymerization

Introduction to Polymers 2
WHAT ARE POLYMERS, MONOMERS
AND
POLYMERIZATIONS?
The small molecules which combine with each other to form polymer
molecules are termed monomers.

Introduction to Polymers 3
Introduction to Polymers 4
BUILDING POLYETHYLENE

Ethylene Polyethylene

Introduction to Polymers 5
TYPE OF POLYMERIZATION

Monomers undergo polymerizaton by two types. They are:

• Addition
• Or
• Condensation

Introduction to Polymers 6
THE ADDITION-CONDENSATION
SYSTEM

What are addition polymers?


Addition polymers are those formed from monomers without the loss
of a small molecule.

Y Y

Introduction to Polymers 7
Polymer Structure

The addition-condensation system

Condensation polymers
Polymers whose repeating units are joined together
by functional units such as an ester (-OCO-),
amide (-NHCO-), urethane (-OCONH-), sulfide (-
SO2-) and other linkages.

-R-Z-R-Z-R-Z-R-Z-R-Z-
R is aliphatic or aromatic grouping and Z is functional unit.

Introduction to Polymers 8
Polymer Structure

The addition-condensation system

The major addition polymers are those formed by


polymerization of monomers containing carbon-
carbon double bond; such monomers are called vinyl
monomers or substituted ethylenes.

Introduction to Polymers 9
ADDITION
POLMERIZATION
Self addition of several bifunctional monomers to each ohter
takes place by chain reaction without the elimination of any
simple molecules.

 GENERAL REACTION:
n [CH2=CH]  [-CH2-CH-]n
| |
Y Y
Where Y=H,Ethylene, CH3,Propylene, Cl, Vinyl Chloride,
C6H5, Sterene, CN , Acrylonitrile

Introduction to Polymers 10
CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION
(INCLUDING POLYESTERS)

• Self addition of several bifunctional monomer to each other


takes place accompanying elimination of simple molecues like
H2O,NH3 & HCL
• General reaction :
n[HOOC-X-COOH] + n[HO-Y-OH]

HO-[….OC-X-COO-Y-O]n-H + (2n-1)H20

Introduction to Polymers 11
E.g..
Terylene is obtained by condensing terpthalic acid
[HOOC-C6H4-COOH] with
ethylene glycol [HO-C2H4-OH]
Nylon is made by the condensation of adipic acid
[HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH] with
hexamethylene diamine [NH2-(CH2)6-NH2]

Introduction to Polymers 12

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