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RAID Types Rectified (T)

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9 views15 pages

RAID Types Rectified (T)

Uploaded by

martina halder
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RAID TYPES

RAID Technology

 The term “RAID” was invented by David Patterson, Garth A. Gibson, and Randy Katz at
the University of California, Berkeley in 1987. RAID (“redundant array of inexpensive
disks”or “redundant array of independent disks”) is a data storage virtualization
technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more
logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.
PURPOSE

 Redundant Array of Independent/Inexpensive Disks (RAID) is a technology that allows


storing data across multiple hard drives. The purpose of RAID is to achieve data
redundancy to reduce data loss and, in a lot of cases, improve performance.
RAID TYPES

 RAID 0
 RAID 1
 RAID 2
 RAID 3
 RAID 4
 RAID 5
 RAID 6
RAID 0

 Consists of striping, but no mirroring or parity. Compared to a spanned volume, the


capacity of a RAID 0 volume is the same; it is the sum of the capacities of the drives in
the set.
ADV
• Easy-to-implement technology.
• Complete utilization of storage capacity.
• Good performance in both read and write operations.

DIS-ADV
• It is not fault-tolerant.
• A singlsystems failure results in complete data loss.
• Not an ideal choice for mission critical systems.
RAID 1

 Consists of data mirroring, without parity or striping. Data is written identically to two or
more drives, thereby producing a “mirrored set” of drives.

ADV
• It is a simple and easy to implement technology.
• Read operations are quite fast.
• Offers high fault tolerance for configurations having two disk drives.
• In the case of a drive failure, data can be copied to the replacement drive thus avoiding data rebuild.

DIS-ADV
• Usable data storage capacity is only half of the total drive capacity because data is redundant.
• Does not allow the swapping of the failed drive when it is hot. This means that the failed drive can be replaced
only after powering down the computer to which it is connected. So, for a server that is used by many users
simultaneously, this is not possible at all times.
RAID 1
RAID 2,RAID 3,RAID 4

 RAID 2: Consists of bit-level striping with dedicated Hamming-code parity.It was a


wired idea that haven’t any practical implications.
 RAID 3: consists of byte-level striping with dedicated parity.Quickly replaced by RAID5.
 RAID 4:consists of block-level striping with dedicated parity. It is also replaced by RAID
5 but the main advantage of RAID 4 over RAID 2 and 3 is I/O parallelism: in RAID 2 and
3, a single read I/O operation requires reading the whole group of data drives, while in
RAID 4 one I/O read operation does not have to spread across all data drives. As a result,
more I/O operations can be executed in parallel, improving the performance of small
transfers.
RAID 5

 Consists of block-level striping with distributed parity. Unlike RAID 4, parity information
is distributed among the drives, requiring all drives but one to be present to operate. Upon
failure of a single drive, subsequent reads can be calculated from the distributed parity
such that no data is lost.
ADV
• Read data transactions are fast as compared to write data transactions that are somewhat slow due to the
calculation of parity.
• Data remains accessible even after the drive failure and during replacement of the failed hard drive because the
storage controller rebuilds the data on the new drive.
DIS-ADV
• It has a complex technology.
• Failed drives have adverse effects on throughput.
• If one of the drives of large size in the array fails, replacing and restoring the data (or the rebuild time) may take
one or more day, depending on the array load and speed of the controller,If another disk gets damaged or corrupt,
your data gets lost forever.
RAID 5
RAID 6

 Consists of block-level striping with double distributed parity. Double parity provides
fault tolerance up to two failed drives. This makes larger RAID groups more practical,
especially for high-availability systems, as large-capacity drives take longer to restore.

ADV
• Read data transactions are very fast.
• Data accessibility is high.
• Higher redundancy compared to RAID 5.
DIS-ADV
• Due to double parity write data transactions are slow.
• Rebuilding RAID array takes longer time because of its complex structure.
RAID 6
NESTED RAID LEVELS

 RAID 10: RAID Level 10 is a combination of RAID 0 and RAID 1. That means mirroring and striping are done
in one single RAID array. RAID 10 is a nested or hybrid and is sometimes identified as RAID 1 + 0. It provides
both security and performance by mirroring and striping data into multiple drives. It requires minimum of 4 drives
to build a RAID Level 10 or (RAID 1+ 0) system.
 RAID 50: RAID Level 50 combines RAID 5 and RAID 0. That means the parity distribution and striping are
visible in one single RAID array. RAID 50 is a nested or hybrid RAID and is sometimes referred to as RAID 5 +
0.Configuring RAID 50 requires a minimum of 6 drives. It provides better write performance and security,
including faster rebuild time than RAID 5 in case of a disk failure. Further, this RAID level offers increased
capacity and performance by striping data into multiple drives.
 RAID 60: RAID 60 is another type of nested or hybrid RAID that combines block-striping of RAID level 0 with
dual parity of RAID level 6. It is similar to RAID 50 but offers better data reliability with less performance. This
RAID level also supports larger volumes.Sometimes referred to as RAID 6 + 0, RAID 60 implementation requires
a minimum of 8 disks (or a 4 disk set of RAID 6) to operate.
NESTED RAID LEVELS
THANK YOU!!

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