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5 views

3d Plot

Uploaded by

thanusavelan04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Chapter 10

Three-Dimensional Plots

MATLAB An Introduction With Applications, 6th Edition Slide deck by


Dr. Amos Gilat Dr. Greg Reese
The Ohio State University Miami University
1
10.0

Three-dimensional (3-D) plots useful


for presenting related 3-D points.
Common cases are
• Scalar or vector function of two
independent variables
• Scalar or vector data measurements
in 3-D space
• Movement over time 3-D space

2
10.0

MATLAB has many commands for


making 3-D plots. Will study
• Line plots
• Wire plots
• Surface plots
• Mesh plots
For more information, see Plotting and
Data Visualization in Help Window

3
10.1 LINE PLOTS

A three-dimensional line plot is a plot


obtained by connecting points in 3-D
space. MATLAB command is

• x,y, and z must be same size


• Remaining arguments are same as
in 2-D plots (Section 5.1)
4
10.1 LINE PLOTS

If the spatial coordinates of a set of


points are each functions of the same
independent variable, the coordinates
form a set of parametric equations.
• Often independent variable is time (t)
and the set shows how a particle
moves through space over time

5
10.1 LINE PLOTS

EXAMPLE
Suppose the spatial coordinates vary
with time as

Make a line plot for 0 ≤ t ≤ 6π

6
10.1 LINE PLOTS

7
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

Mesh and surface plots are 3-D plots


used to graph functions of the form
z = f(x,y)
• x and y are independent variables, z is a
dependent variable
• A mesh plot connects values of z with
lines to form the outline of a surface
• A surface plot connects lines in a mesh
plot with planes to show a solid
representation of the surface
8
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

Three steps to making mesh or surface plot


1. Create grid in the x-y plane that
contains points you're interested in
2. Calculate the value of z at every point of
the grid
3. Make the plot

9
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

Creating a grid in the x y plane (Cartesian coordinates):

The grid is the set of points on which


you want to evaluate z. For example

10
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

Can define the grid by using two matrices,


X and Y
• X has x-coordinates of all grid points
• Y has y-coordinates of all grid points
For grid shown

11
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

Note that
• X is made of identical rows because each row
of grid has the same x-coordinates
• Y is made of identical columns because each
column of grid has same y-coordinates
To make matrices, use MATLAB command

12
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

13
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

Calculating the value of z at each point of the grid:


Calculate value of z at each point by
using elementwise calculations.
• X and Y must be same dimensions
• Resulting z will also be same dimension
For example grid and
>> Z = X.*Y.^2 ./ (X.^2 + Y.^2)

14
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

Making mesh and surface plots:


• To make mesh plot use mesh(X,Y,Z)
• To make surface plot use surf(X,Y,Z)

EXAMPLE
Make mesh and surface plots of over
domain -1≤ x ≤ 3 and 1 ≤ y ≤ 4

15
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

16
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

Additional comments on the mesh command:


• MATLAB colors surface plots with colors that
vary with value of z
Can make color constant by using the Plot Editor
in the Figure Window or by using colormap
command. (See Help on colormap for details)
• By default, mesh draws a grid. Issue
command grid off to prevent grid from
appearing
• Can draw box around plot with box on

17
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS

Can also use mesh(Z) and surf(Z)


• Command uses row indexes on the x-axis
and column indexes on the y-axis
Table 10-1 in book shows lots of
variations available with mesh and
surf commands

18
10.3 PLOTS WITH SPECIAL GRAPHICS

Table 10-2 in book shows some


commands for specialized 3-D plots.
Can get more information from Help
Window or by using help command

19
10.3 PLOTS WITH SPECIAL GRAPHICS

Polar coordinates grid in the x y plane:


To make 3-D plot of function z = f(r,θ)
1. Make grid of values of θ and r with
meshgrid
2. Compute value of z at each grid point
3. Convert grid with polar coordinates to
grid with Cartesian coordinates using
MATLAB's pol2cart command
4. Make 3-D plot using values of z and the
Cartesian coordinates
20
10.3 PLOTS WITH SPECIAL GRAPHICS

21
10.4 THE view COMMAND

The view command controls direction


from which you view plot. Command is
view(az,el) or view([az el])
• az – azimuth: angle (in degrees) in x-y plane
measured from negative y axis and positive
in counterclockwise direction
• el – elevation: angle of
elevation (in degrees)
from x-y plane. Positive
in direction of positive
z axis 22
10.4 THE view COMMAND

Default view angles are az = -37.5o and el = 30o

az = -37.5o and el = 30o az = 20o and el = 35o

23
10.4 THE view COMMAND

Can project 3-D curve onto 2-D plane by


specific settings of azimuth and elevation

See Fig. 10-5 through Fig. 10-7 for


examples of projections

24
10.4 THE view COMMAND

view can also set a default view


• view(2) sets default to top view (projection
onto x-y plane with az = 0o, and el = 90o
• view(3) sets default to standard 3-D view
(az = –37.5o, and el = 30o)

25
10.4 THE view COMMAND

Can also set viewing direction by selecting


a point in space from which to view plot
• Command has form view([x y z])
x, y, and z are the coordinates of the point
Viewing direction is direction from specified point
to origin of coordinate system
Viewing direction independent of distance to
origin, e.g., view is same with point [6 6 6] as with
point [10 10 10]
Set top view with [0 0 1]
Set side view of x-z plane from negative y
with [0 –1 0] 26

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