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6 views24 pages

Tutorial 02

Uploaded by

ffff
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© © All Rights Reserved
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VARIABLES,

FLOW CHARTS &


PSEUDOCODE
Recitation 01
OPERATORS
Python has many operators. Some examples
are:

+, -, *, /, %
DATA TYPES
 In Python, all data has an associated data “Type”.
 You can find the “Type” of any piece of data by
using the type() function:
type(‘Hi’)
type(True)
int & float

Python supports two different types of numbers,


Integers (int) and Floating point numbers (float).
Floating Point numbers have a fractional part (digits
after the decimal place), while Integers do not!
EFFECT OF DATA TYPES

Math operators work differently on Floats and


Ints:
int + int produces an int

int + float or float + int produces a float


TYPE CONVERSION
(CASTING)
Functions exist which will take data in one type and
return data in another type.
 int() - Converts compatible data into an integer. This
function will truncate floating point numbers
 float() - Converts compatible data into a float.
 str() - Converts compatible data into a string
CASTING
 int(3.3) produces 3 str(3.3) produces “3.3”

 float(3) produces 3.0 float(“3.5”) produces 3.5

 int(“7”) produces 7

 int(“7.1”) Throws an ERROR!

 float(“Test”) Throws an ERROR!


VARIABLES

Variables are names that can point to data.

They are useful for saving intermediate results

and keeping data organized.


VARIABLES

The assignment operator (=) assigns data to

variables.
When a variable is evaluated, it produces the

value of the data that it points to.


PROGRAM EXAMPLE
Find the area of a circle given the radius:
>>> Radius = 10
>>> pi = 3.14159
>>> area = pi * Radius * Radius
>>> print( area )

prints 314.15
USER INPUT
 We can instruct Python to name = input(‘Who are you? ’)
pause and read data from the print('Welcome', name)

user using the input function Who are you? Chuck


Welcome Chuck
 The input function returns a

string
CONVERTING USER INPUT
 If we want to read a number inp = input(‘Europe floor?’)
from the user, we must usf = int(inp) + 1
convert it from a string to a print('US floor', usf)
number using a type
conversion function Europe floor? 0
 Later we will deal with bad US floor 1
input data
FLOW CHARTS &
PSEUDOCODE
PROGRAMMING TOOLS

 Flowchart

 Pseudocode
FLOWCHARTS

Graphically depict the logical steps to carry out a task


and show how the steps relate to each other.
BASIC FLOWCHART SYMBOLS
Terminals
 represented by rounded rectangles
 indicate a starting or ending point

START

END
BASIC FLOWCHART SYMBOLS
 Input/ Output Operations
 represented by parallelograms
 indicate an input or output operation
BASIC FLOWCHART SYMBOLS
 Processes
 represented by rectangles
 indicates a process such as a mathematical computation or
variable assignment
PSEUDOCODE
Uses English-like phrases to outline the task in
an algorithm
COMMENTS
 As programs get bigger and more complicated, they

get more difficult to read.

 Formal languages are dense, and it is often difficult to

look at a piece of code and figure out what it is doing,


or why.
COMMENTS IN PYTHON
Comments start with the # symbol

#compute the area of a rectangle


area = width * height
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
Example 1:
Write an algorithm to determine a student’s final
grade and indicate whether it is passing or failing.
The final grade is calculated as the average of four
marks.
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
Pseudocode:
 Input a set of 4 marks
 Calculate their average by summing and dividing by 4
 if average is below 60
Print “FAIL”
else
Print “PASS”
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM
Detailed Algorithm
Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4
Step 2: GRADE  (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
Step 3: if (GRADE < 60) then
Print “FAIL”
else
Print “PASS”
endif

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