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There are two types of questions in the Structure and

Written Expression:
1. Structure (questions 1-15) consists of fifteen
sentences in which part of the sentence has been
replaced with a blank. Each sentence is followed by
four answer choices. You must choose the answer
that completes the sentence in a grammatically
correct way.
2. Written Expression (questions 16-40) consists of
twenty-five sentences in which four words or groups
of words have been underlined. You must choose
the underlined word or group of words that is not
correct
1. Be familiar with the directions. The directions on every TOEFL test are the
same, so it is not necessary to spend time reading the directions carefully
when you take the test .You should be completely familiar with the
directions before the day of the test.
2. Begin with questions 1 through 15. Anticipate that questions I through 5
will be the easiest. Anticipate that questions 11 through 15 will be the most
difficult. Do not spend too much time on questions 11 through 15. There will
be easier questions that come later.
3. Continue with questions 16 through 40. Anticipate that questions 16
through 20 will be the easiest. Anticipate that questions 36 through 40 will
be the most difficult.
4. If you have time, return to questions 11 through 15. You should spend
extra time on questions 11 through 15 only after you spend all the time that
you want on the easier questions. .
5. Never leave any answers blank on your answer sheet. Even if you are not
sure of the correct response, you should answer each question. There is no
penalty for guessing
• First study the sentence. Your purpose is to determine what
is needed to complete the sentence correctly.
• Then study each answer based on how well it completes
the sentence. Eliminate answers that do not complete the
sentence correctly.
• Do not try to eliminate incorrect answers by looking only
at the answers. The incorrect answers are generally correct
by themselves.
• Never leave any answers blank. Be sure to answer each
question even if you are unsure of the correct response.
• Do not spend too much time on the Structure questions.
Be sure to leave adequate time for the Written Expression
questions
Example:
1. …………was backed up for miles on the freeway.
a. Yesterday b. In the morning
c. Trafficd. Cars
Answer (C) is the best answer because it is a singular
subject that agrees with the singular verb was.

A sentence in English must have at least one subject and one verb

A sentence in English must have at least one subject

and one verb
2. Engineers for work on the new space
program.
a. necessary b. are needed
c. hopefully d. next month
In this example you should notice immediately
that the sentence has a subject (engineers), and
that there is no verb, so the answer (B), are
needed, is a verb, is the best answer.

Task: Do the Exercise 1.

An object of a preposition is a noun or a pronoun that
comes after a preposition, such as in, at, of, to, by,
behind, on, and so on, to form a prepositional
phrase.
(After his exams) Tom will take a trip (by boat).

This sentence contains two objects of prepositions.

Exams is the object of the preposition after and boat is
the object of the preposition by.
Example
With his friend found the movie theater.
a. has b. he
c. later d. when
In this example you should look first for the subject and the
verb. You should notice the verb found and should also notice
that there is no subject. Do not think that friend is the subject;
friend is the object of the preposition with. Because a subject is
needed in this sentence, answer (B), he, is the best answer

A preposition is followed by a noun or pronoun that

is called an object of the preposition. If a word is an
object of a preposition, it is not the subject.
An appositive is a noun that comes before or after
another noun and has the same meaning.

Sally, the best student in the class, got an A on the test.

The sentence says that Sally and the best student in the
class are the same person. Note that if you leave out
the appositive phrase, the sentence still makes sense
(Sally got an A on the test)
Example
, George, is attending the lecture.
a. Right now b. Happily
c. Because of the time d. My friend
In this example you should recognize from the commas that
George is not the subject of the sentence. George is an
appositive. Because this sentence still needs a subject, the best
answer is (D), my friend.
APPOSITIVES
An appositive is a noun that comes before or after another noun and is generally set off
from the noun with commas. If a word is an appositive, it is not the subject. The following
appositive structures are both possible in English.

S APP, V
Tom, a really good mechanic, is fixing the
car.
APP, S V
A really good mechanic, Tom is fixing the car.
A present participle is the -ing form of the verb
(talking, playing). A present participle can cause
confusion because it can be either a part of the verb or
an adjective. It is part of the verb when it is preceded
by some form of the verb be.
The man is talking to his friend.
VERB
In this sentence talking is part of the verb because it is
accompanied by is.
A present participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied
by some form of the verb be.
The man talking to his friend has a beard.
ADJECTIVE
In this sentence talking is an adjective and not part of the verb
because it is not accompanied by some form of be. The verb in
this sentence is has.
Example:
The child playing in the yard is my son.
a. Now b. Is
c. He d. Was
In this sentence there is a complete subject (child) and a
complete verb (is), so this sentence does not need another
subject or verb. The best answer here is (A).
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
A present is the -ing form of the verb. The
present participle can be (1) part of the verb or
(2) an adjective.
It is part of the verb when it is accompanied by
some form of the verb be. It is an adjective when
it is not accompanied by some form of the verb
be.
1. The boy is standing in the comer.
2. The boy standing in the corner was naughty.
Past participles can cause confusion in the Structure
section because a past participle can be either an
adjective or a part of a verb. The past participle is the
form of the verb that appears with have or be. It often
ends in -ed, but there are also many irregular past
participles in English.
The family has purchased a television.
VERB
The poem was written by Paul.
VERB
In the first sentence the past participle purchased is
part of the verb because it is accompanied by has. In
the second sentence the past participle written is part
of the verb because it is accompanied by was.
A past participle is an adjective when it is not
accompanied by some form of be or have.
The television purchased yesterday was expensive.
ADJECTIVE
The poem written by Paul appeared in the magazine.
ADJECTIVE
In the first sentence purchased is an adjective because
it is not accompanied by a form of be or have (and
there is a verb, was, later in the sentence). In the
second sentence written is an adjective because it is
not accompanied by a form of be or have.
Example
The packages……….mailed at the post office will arrive
Monday.
a. have b. were
c. them d. just
Answer (D) is the best answer to this question
PAST PARTICI PLE
A past participle often ends in -ed but there are also
many irregular past participle. The -ed form of the verb
can be (1) the simple past, (2) the past participle of a
verb, or (3) an adjective.
(1) She painted this picture,
(2) She has painted this picture.
(3)The picture painted by Karen is now in a museum.
Exercise Skills 1-5
When you have two clauses in an English sentence, you must
connect the two clauses correctly. One way to connect two
clauses is to use and, but, or, so, yet between the clauses.
Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing.
Tom is tall, but Paul is short.
Tom must write the letter, or Paul will do it.
Tom told a joke, so Paul laughed.
Tom is tired, yet he is not going to sleep
In each of the examples, there are two clauses that are correctly
joined with a coordinate conjunction and, but, or, so,yet, and
a comma (,)
Sentences with adverb clauses have two basic patterns in
English.
I will sign the check before you leave.
Before you leave, I will sign the check.
In the examples, there are two clauses: you leave and I will sign
the check, and the clause you leave is an adverb time clause
because it is introduced with the connector before. In the first
example the connector before comes in the middle of the
sentence, and no comma (,) is used. In the second example the
connector before comes at the beginning of the sentence. If the
connector comes at the beginning of the sentence, a comma (,)
is required in the middle of the sentence
Adverb clauses can express the ideas of time and cause; adverb
clauses can also express a number of other ideas, such as
contrast, condition, manner, and place.
I will leave at 7:00 if I am ready.
Although I was late, I managed to catch the train.
In the examples, there are two clauses that are correctly joined
with adverb connectors. In the first sentence the adverb
condition connector if comes in the middle of the sentence. In
the second sentence the adverb contrast connector although
comes at the beginning of the sentence, and a comma (,) is used
in the middle of the sentence
A noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun. It is used in a
sentence as either an object of a verb, an object of a
preposition, or the subject of the sentence.
I know when he will arrive
NOUN CLOUSE AS OBJECT OF VERB
I am concerned about when he will arrive
NOUN CLOUSE AS OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
When he will arrive is not important
NOUN CLOUSE AS SUBJECT
A noun clause connector can also be the subject of the clause at
the same time.
I do not know what is in the box
NOUN CLOUSE AS OBJECT OF VERB
We are concerned about who will do the work
NOUN CLOUSE AS OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
Whoever is coming to the party must bring a gift
NOUN CLOUSE AS SUBJECT
An adjective clause is a clause that describes a noun. It is
positioned directly after the noun that it describes.

The woman is filling the glass that she put on the table
S V Adjective Clause

The glass that she put on the table contains milk

S Adjective Clause V
In Skill 11 we saw that adjective clause connectors were used to
introduce clauses that describe nouns. In Skill 12 we will see that
in some cases an adjective clause connector is not just a
connector; an adjective clause connector can also be the subject
of the clause at the same time.

The woman is filling the glass that is on the table

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The glass that is in the table contains milk

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Adjective clauses can appear in a reduced form. In the reduced
form, the adjective clause connector and the be-verb that
directly follow it are omitted.
The woman who is waving to us is the tour guide
The letter which was written last week arrived today
The pitcher that is on the table is full of iced tea
Adverb clause can also appear in a reduced from. In the reduced
form, the adverb connector remains, but the subject and be verb
are omitted.
Although he is rather unwell, Bob will take part in the seminar
When you are ready, you can begin your speech.
When there is no be-verb in the adverb clause, the subject is
omitted and the main verb is changed into –ing form.
feeling
Although he feels rather sick, Bob will take a part in a seminar
There is some confusion about when to invert the subject and
verb after question words such as what, when, where, why, and
how. These words can have two very different functions in a
sentence. First, they can introduce a question, and in this case
the subject and verb that follow are inverted.
What is the homework?
When can I leave?
Where are you going
Also, these words can join together two clauses, and in this case
the subject and verb that follow are not inverted.
 I do not know what the homework is.
When I can leave, I will take the first train.
Do you know where you are going ?
In each of these examples there are two clauses joined by a
question word. Notice that the subjects and verbs that follow the
question words what, when, and where are not inverted in this
case.
Example
The lawyer asked the client why it.
a.did he do c. did he
b.he did d. did
The correct answer is B.
 INVERTED SUBJECT AND VERB WITH QUESTION WORDS

who what when where why how

When the question word introduces a question, the subject and verb are inverted
Question word V S?
what are they ?

When the question word connects two clauses, the subject and verb that follow
are inverted
S V Question word S V
I know what they are
After ideas expressing place, the subject and the verb sometimes
invert in English. This can happen with single words expressing
place, such as here, there, or nowhere. The subject and verb can also
be inverted after prepositional phrases expressing place
Here is the book that you lent me.
There are the keys that I thought I lost.
Nowhere have I seen such beautiful weather.
In the first example the place word here causes the subject book to
come after the verb is. In the second example the place word there
causes the subject keys to come after the verb are. In the last
example the place word nowhere causes the subject I to come after
the verb have.
The subject and verb can also be inverted after prepositional
phrases expressing place.
In the closet are the clothes that you want.
Around the corner is Sam’s house.
Beyond the mountains lies the town where you will live

Example
On the second level of the parking lot ...................
a. is empty b. are empty
c. some empty stalls are d. are some empty stalls

The answer is D.
INVERTED SUBJECTS AND VERBS WITH PLACE EXPRESSIONS
When a place expression at the front of the sentence is necessary to
complete the sentence, the subject and verb what follow are inverted.
PLACE (necessary) S V
In the classroom were some old desks
When a place expression at the front of the sentence contains extra
information that is not needed to complete the sentence, the subject and
verb that follow are not inverted.
PLACE (extra) S V
In the classroom, I studied very hard
The subject and verb can also be inverted after certain negatives
and related expressions. When negative expressions, such as no,
not, or never, come at the beginning of a sentence, the subject
and verb are inverted.
Not once did I miss a question
Never has Mr. Jones taken a vacation
In the first example the negative expression not once causes the
subject I to come after the helping verb did.
In the second example the negative word never causes the
subject Mr. Jones to come after the helping verb has.
Certain words in English, such as hardly, barely, scarcely, and
only, act like negatives. If one of these words comes at the
beginning of a sentence, the subject and verb are also inverted.
•Hardly ever does he take time off.
(This means that he almost never takes time off.)
•Only once did the manager issue overtime paychecks.
(This means that the manager almost never issued overtime
paychecks.)

In the first example the “almost negative” expression hardly ever

causes the subject he to come after the helping verb does. In the
second example the “almost negative” expression only once
causes the subject manager to come after the helping verb did.
INVERTED SUBJECTS AND VERBS WITH NEGATIVES
no not never neither nor
barely hardly only rarely scarcely
seldom
When a negative expression appears in front of a subject and verb (at the
beginning of a sentence or in the middle of a sentence), the subject and verb
are inverted
Negative expression V S
Rarely were they so happy
In certain conditional structures, the subject and verb may also
be inverted. This can occur when the helping verb in the
conditional clause is had, should, or were, and the conditional
connect or if is omitted.
•If he had taken more time, the results would have been better.
•Had he taken more time, the results would have been better.
•I would help you if I were in a position to help.
•I would help you were I in a position to help.
•If you should arrive before 6:00, just give me a call.
•Should you arrive before 6:00, just give me a call
Inverted Subjects Verbs With Conditional
Had Should Were
When the verb in the conditional clause is had, should or were, it is possible
to omit If and invert the subject and verb.
( Omitted If) V S
were here, he would help
It is also possible to keep If. Then the subject and verb are not inverted.
If S V
If he were here, he would help
An inverted subject and verb may occur also after a comparison.
The inversion of a subject and verb after a comparison is
optional, rather than required, and it is a rather formal structure.
There have been a number of inverted comparisons on recent
TOEFL tests, so you should be familiar with this structure.
•My sister spends more hours in the office than John.
•My sister spends more hours in the office than John does.
•My sister spends more hours in the office than does John.
 INVERTEDSUBJECT WITH COMPARISONS
AND VERB
The subject and verb may invert after a comparisons. The
following structure are both possible
S V comparison S V
We were more prepared the other performers
than were
S V comparison V S
We were more prepared were the other
than performers
Sometimes prepositional phrases can come between the
subject and the verb. If the object of the preposition is singular
and the subject is plural, or if the object of the preposition is
plural and the subject is singular, there can be confusion in
making the subject and verb agree.
The key (to the doors) is in the drawer
Singular plural
The keys (to the door) are in the drawer.
Plural singular
SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT WITH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

S Prepositional Phrase V
When a prepositional phrase come between the subject, and the verb), be sure
that the verb agrees with subject
A particular agreement problem occurs when the subject is an
expression of quantity, such as all, most, or some, followed by
the preposition of. In this situation, the subject (all most, or
some) can be singular or plural, depending on what follows the
preposition of.
•All (of the book) was interesting.
singular
•All (of the books) were interesting.
plural
•All (of the information) was interesting.
uncountable
SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT AFTER EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY

all
most OF THE OBJECT V
some
half
When an expression of quantity is the subject, the verb agrees with the object
After question words, negative expressions, place expressions,
conditions without if, and comparisons, the verb agrees with the
subject, which may be after the verb.
•Behind the house were the bicycles I wanted.
plural plural
•Behind the house was the bicycle I wanted.
singular singular

Question
Negative V S
Place
Condition (no if)
Comparison
Certain words in English are always grammatically singular,
even though they might have plural meanings.
•Everybody is going to the theater

SUBJECT / VERB AGREEMENT AFTER CERTAIN WORDS

These words or expressions are grammatically singular, so they take
singular verbs:

anybody everybody no body somebody each (+ noun)

anyone everyone no one someone every (+ noun)
anything everything nothing something
The job of the coordinate conjunctions (and, but, or) is to join
together equal expressions. In other words, what is on one side
of these words must be parallel to what is on the other side.
These conjunctions can join nouns, or verbs, or adjectives, or
phrases, or subordinate clauses, or main clauses; they just must
join together two of the same thing.
same structure and Same structure
but
or
Same structure, Same structure, and Same structure
but
or
The paired conjunctions both... and, either.. . or,
neither.. . nor, and not only ... but also require parallel
structures.
I know both where you went and what you did.
Either Mark or Sue has the book.
The tickets are neither in my pocket nor in my purse.
He is not only an excellent student but also an
outstanding athlete.
A comparison showing how two things are different from the -
er... than or the more ... than.
•My school is farther than your school. To be rich is better than
to be poor.
•What is written is more easily understood than what is spoken.
A comparison showing how two things are the same might
contain as ... as or expressions such as the same as or similar to.
•Their car is as big as a small house.
•Renting those apartments costs about the same as leasing
them.
The superlative is formed with the, either -est or most, and
sometimes in, of, or a that- clause. In the superlative, -est is used
with short adjectives such as tall, and most is used with longer
adjectives such as beautiful.

Bob is the tallest man in the room.

Sally is the most beautiful of all the women at the party.
The spider over there is the largest one that I have ever seen.
The fastest runner wins the race, (no in, of, or that)
THE FORM OF SUPERLATIVES

most (long adjective)

The maybe in, of, that
short adjective +-est
An irregular comparative structure that has been appearing
frequently on the TOEFL test consists of two parallel
comparatives introduced by the.
•The harder he tried, the further he fell behind.
•The older the children are, the more their parents expect from
them.
The first example contains the two parallel comparatives the
harder and the further. The second example contains the two
parallel comparatives the older and the more. In this type of
sentence, the and the comparison can be followed by a number
of different structures.
 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEANINGS
ACTIVE The subject does the action of the verb.
PASSIVE The subject receives the action of the verb.

THE FORM OF THE PASSIVE

BE + pas participle (BY + object)

Example of active and passive sentences:

•We mailed the package at the post office. (Active)
•The letter was mailed by us today before noon. (Passive)
•The letter was mailed today before noon. (Passive)
A problem that is common in the Written Expression section of
the TOEFL test is a singular noun used where a plural noun is
needed, or a plural noun used where a singular noun is needed.
On the table there were many dishes. (plural)
The lab assistant finished every test. (singular)

KEYWORDS FOR SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

For Singular Nouns each every single one a
For Plural Nouns both two many several various
It is important for you to recognize the difference between
countable and uncountable nouns when you come across such
key words as much and many.
He has seen many foreign films.
He didn’t have much fun at the movies.

KEY WORDS FOR COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable Nounts Many number few fewer
Uncountable Nouns Much amount little less
List to recognize irregular Plurals nouns:
IRREGULAR PLURALS

Vowel change man / men toot / feet tooth / teeth goose / geese
woman / women mouse / mice

Add –EN child / children ox/oxen

Same as singular deer / deer salmon / salmon sheep / trout / trout
fish / fish sheep
-IS —> -ES analysis / analyses diagnosis / diagnoses synthesis /
axis / axes hypothesis / hypotheses syntheses thesis /
crisis / crises parenthesis / parentheses theses

Ends in –A bacterium / bacteria datum / data criterion / criteria

curriculum / curricula phenomenon /phenomena
-US —> -I alumnus / alumni fungus / fungi nucleus stimulus / stimuli
bacillus / bacilli cactus / /nuclei radius/radii syllabus / syllabi
cacti
 NOUN (THINGS) ENDINGS
-ism socialism -ment government
-nce excellence -ty beauty
-ness sadness -age marriage
-ion information -ship friendship
NOUN (PERSON) ENDINGS
-er employer -ist tourist
-or actor -cian musician
• Adjectives have only one job: they describe nouns or
pronouns.
• The position of adjective comes before the noun it
describes.

She is a beautiful woman. (beautiful describe woman)

She is beautiful
 ADJECTIVE ENDINGS
-ent excellent -ive expensive
-ant important -ous dangerous
-ful careful -al natural
-ic economic -able capable
-ible possible
• Adverbs to describe verbs, adjectives, or other
adverbs.
Describe Verbs: She sings beautifully.

Describe Adjectives:
She is a beautifully dressed woman.

Adv. Adj. Noun

Describe Other Adverbs:
She is a trully beautifully dressed woman
adv. Adv. Adv. Noun
• An adverb can appear in many positions. It cannot
be used between a verb and Its object.

Recently he has taken an English course.

He has recently taken an English course.

He has taken an English course recently

WRONG:
He has taken recently* an English course.
Verb Object.
• Certain adjectives appear only in the predicate of the
sentence; that is, they appear after a linking verb such as be.
The snake on the rock was alive.
The live snake was lying on the rock.
PREDICATE ADJECTIVES

PREDICATE ADJECTIVES FORMS USED IN FRONT OF NOUN

Alike like, similar
Alive live, living
Alone Lone
Afraid Frightened
Asleep Sleeping
A predicate adjective appears after a linking verb such as be. It cannot appear
directly in front of the noun that it describes
 Prepositions can be used in two ways: a) in a literal way and b)
in an idiomatic way.
a.In the literal use, the preposition means exactly what you
expect:
The boy ran up the hill.
She went in the house
•In the idiomatic use, that means that its meaning in this
expression has nothing to do with the literal meaning.
I call up my friend.
He succeeded in passing the course.
 Verb Meaning
No. Example
Break into Unlawfully enter
1. Someone tried to break into my house.
Break off End
2. They’ve decided to break off their relationship
Brush up Review, Relearn
3. I have to brush up on the rules before start it
Brush it off Not let it have an effect
4. He read the untrue stories about himself but he tried to
brush it off.
Call on Visit
5. I’ll call on the new neighbors this afternoon.
Call off Cancel
6. The teacher had to call off the class on Friday.
Call for Request, Suggest
7. The politician should call for a decrease in taxes.
Call up Telephone
8. Can you call me up at nine?
Carry off Succeed
9. I’m really going to carry it off.
Carry on Continue
10. She tried hard to carry on with her life.
Cut down Decrease it
11. He needs to cut down smoking.
Cut off Stop the supply of
12. The electricity should be cut off.
Cut it out Stop it
13. He kept teasing me so I told him to cut it out.
Come across Unexpectedly find
14. We were lucky to come across the waterfall.
Come down with Get sick with
15. She thinks she is about to come down with the flu.
Get ahead Advance
16. He really wants to get ahead in his career.
 Get along Be friendly
17. She is easily able to get along with everyone.
with
Get at Imply
18. I didn’t understand what you are trying to get at
Get back at Get revenge against
19. She wants to do something to get back at him.
Get by Manage
20. We have enough money to get by for a month
Get over Recover from
21. She was sick but now she has started to get over
it
Get rid of Throw away
22. I need to get rid some of the clothes.
Give it away Donate
23. I don’t need this bicycle anymore, I’ll give it
away.
Give back Return
24. I think I should give this books back
Give up Surrender
25. I’ve done all I can. I give up.
Hold off Postpone
26. I’m going to hold off taking my vocation.
Keep up Continue
27. He likes my job and wants me to keep it up.
Lay off Fire
28. The company is going to lay off the employee.
Look after Take care of
29. Could you look after my cats while I’m out?
Look into Investigate
30. The police decided to look into it further.
 Look it over Look at it briefly
31. Could you take a few minutes to look it
over?
Pick on Bother
32. He always used to pick on his younger
sister.
Pick out Choose
33. You’ll have to pick out just one dress.
Pick up Come and get
34. Could you pick me up after school today?
Play up Increase the
35. The newspapers tend to play up
significant of
sensational stories if they want to improve
the reader.
Pull it off Succeed
36. He work hard to pull it off
Put off Delay
37. The teacher has to put off the exam.
Put on Dress in
38. She put on her coat before going out.
Put up Tolerate
39. It’s difficult to put up with him.
Run into Unexpectedly meet I was surprised to run into my old friend.
40.
 Run into Unexpectedly meet I was surprised to run into my old friend.
40.
Run out off Completely use the If I didn’t buy milk at the store, we would
41.
supply of
run out off at breakfast.
Show off Try to attract
42. She tends to show off a lot.
attention
Show up Arrive
43. He was supposed to come but didn’t show
up.
Take places Happen
44. When the wedding will take place?
Take turns Alternate
45. We like do the dishes, so we take turns.
Take up Begin (a hobby)
46. Golf is a sport that I would like to take up.
Turn down Refuse
47. She turned down his application.
Turn in Submit
48. The students must turn in their paper
tomorrow.
Turn into fish Become
49. I swim a lot, I feel that I’m going to turn into
a fish.
Wear out Tire
50. I know he is going to wear out soon.
• Make means creating or constructing.
She likes to make her own clothes
If you make mistakes, you should correct them.

• Do means completing or performing.

This morning she did all the dishes.
You can do your laundry at the laundromat.
 LIKE, ALIKE, UNLIKE AND DISLIKE
GRAMMAR MEANING USE
Like Adjective Similar Like is used before a noun
Alike Adjective Similar Alike is used after a linking verb
Like Preposition Similar Both prepositions are followed by
objects. They can be both used in many
positions, including at the beginning of
the sentence.
Unlike Preposition Different Both prepositions are followed by
objects. They can be both used in many
positions, including at the beginning of
the sentence
Like Verb Enjoy Both verbs follow subjects
Dislike Verb Not enjoy Both verbs follow subjects
HAPPY LEARNING