VISUAL

PROGRAMMING
Multithreading

MUSBAH J. MOUSA
IYAS A. I. ESHAIKHKHALIL

1
OUTLINES
• Introduction to Shapes
• Threads Concept
• Creating Tasks and Threads
• The Thread Class
• The static sleep method.
• The Thread join, isAlive, interrupt, and isInterrupted
methods
• Thread Safety
• Modifying JavaFX Objects from another Thread
• When to Use Threads in Our Applications
• Long-Running Tasks Types

2
INTRODUCTION
• Multithreading is like having multiple tasks happening
simultaneously.
• It allows a program to do multiple things at the same time,
such as performing calculations while listening for user
input.
• Think of it as a way to efficiently handle different tasks
concurrently, making your program more responsive and
efficient.

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Threads Concept

Multiple
threads on
multiple
CPUs

Multiple
threads
sharing a
single CPU

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Creating Tasks and Threads
In Java, you can introduce parallel execution in your application
by creating a new thread.
This is achieved by instantiating a new object from the Thread
class and then invoking the start method on that object.

Thread thread = new Thread(/* Runnable object */);

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RUNNABLE
• The java.lang.Runnable interface is designed to be
implemented by a class whose instances are meant to be
executed by a thread.
• Runnable interface is a SAM (Single Abstract Method)
interface.
• It contains only the run abstract method.
• The run method implemented in a concrete class functionality
is similar to the main method in Java applications. It serves as
the main method for the new thread.

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Creating Tasks and Threads

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EXAMPLE:
Using the Runnable Interface to Create and Launch Threads
• Objective: Create and run three threads:
• The first thread prints the letter a 100 times.
• The second thread prints the letter b 100 times.
• The third thread prints the integers 1 through 100.

TaskThreadDemo

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THE THREAD CLASS

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THE STATIC
SLEEP(MILLISECONDS) METHOD
• The sleep(long mills) method puts the thread to sleep for the
specified time in milliseconds.
• Example:
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= lastNum; i++) {
System.out.print(" " + i);
try {
if (i >= 50) Thread.sleep(1);
}
catch (InterruptedException ex) {
}
}
}

• Every time a number (>= 50) is printed, the thread is put to sleep
for 1 millisecond.

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THE JOIN() METHOD
You can use the join() method to force one thread to wait for
another thread to finish.
Example:
public void run() { Thread Thread
Thread thread4 = new Thread( print100 printA
new PrintChar('c', 40));
thread4.start(); -char token -char token
try {
+getToken +getToken
for (int i = 1; i <= lastNum; i++) { printA.join()
+setToken +setToken
System.out.print(" " + i); +paintCompo +paintCompo
if (i == 50) thread4.join(); Wait for printA
-char
net token net
} to finish+mouseClicke +mouseClicke
} +getToken
d d
catch (InterruptedException ex) { +getToken +setToken printA finished
} +setToken +paintCompone
t
+paintComponet -char token
} +mouseClicked
The numbers after 50 are printed after thread thread4 is finished.

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isAlive(), interrupt(), and
isInterrupted()
• The isAlive() method is used to find out the state of a thread.
• It returns true if a thread is in the Ready, Blocked, or
Running state; it returns false if a thread is new and has
not started or if it is finished.
• The interrupt() method interrupts a thread in the following
way:
• If a thread is currently in the Ready or Running state, its
interrupted flag is set; if a thread is currently blocked, it is
awakened and enters the Ready state, and an
java.io.InterruptedException is thrown.

• The isInterrupt() method tests whether the thread is

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THREAD SAFETY
• Although multithreading is a powerful feature, it comes at a
price.
• In multithreaded environments, we need to write
implementations in a thread-safe way.
• This means that different threads can access the same
resources without exposing erroneous behavior or producing
unpredictable results.
• This programming methodology is known as “thread-safety.”

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THREAD SAFETY EXAMPLE
Counter
private static class Counter{
private int count = 0;

public void increment(){

public int getCount(){

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THREAD SAFETY EXAMPLE
ThreadSafety
Counter i = new Counter();
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
int c1 = 0;
for (; i.getCount() < 10; i.increment()) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ", Count = "
+ i.getCount());
c1++;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ", Looped = "
+ c1);
});

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THREAD SAFETY EXAMPLE
ThreadSafety
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
int c2 = 0;
for (; i.getCount() < 10; i.increment()) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ", Count = " +
i.getCount());
c2++;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ", Looped = " + c2);
});
t1.start();
t2.start();

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JavaFX Thread
• JavaFX creates an application thread for running the
application start method, processing input events, and
running animation timelines.
• Creation of JavaFX Scene and Stage objects as well as
modification of scene graph operations to live objects (those
objects already attached to a scene) must be done on the
JavaFX application thread.

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Modifying JavaFX Objects
from another Thread
• When you want to create or modify any JavaFX object you
must invoke the runLater method.
• Invoking Platform.runLater(Runnable r) tells the system to
run this Runnable object in the application thread.

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When to Use Threads in Our
Applications
• JavaFX operates on a single thread responsible for creating
and modifying objects, handling input events, and managing
animations, as we previously mentioned.
• When long-running tasks are performed on the application
thread, it can cause the thread to become unresponsive or
hang.

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Long-Running Tasks
Types
• File I/O Operations: Reading or writing large files can be a time-
consuming task.
• Database Operations: Querying or updating a database, especially
when dealing with a large amount of data, can take a significant
amount of time.
• Image Processing: Performing complex image processing tasks,
such as applying filters or performing transformations, can be
computationally intensive and time-consuming.
• Network Operations: Making HTTP requests, downloading files, or
interacting with remote APIs can introduce delays due to network
latency.
• Complex Calculations: Performing complex calculations or
simulations that require substantial computation time can benefit
from running in background threads.

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ANY QUESTIONS?

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