Model Predictive Control for Energy-

efficient Buildings in Smart Cities

Name: TAPAS DAS

Code: BWU/MEC/22/004
Roll: 22010227004
Course Name: Dissertation Paper Phase-I
Course Code: PROJ-MIRA381
 Title: "Model Predictive
Control for Energy-efficient
Buildings in Smart Cities"
Title

Subtitle: "Optimizing Energy

Consumption through MPC"
 Overview of Smart Cities: Smart Cities are urban areas that leverage
technology and data to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and quality
of life for their residents. These cities integrate advanced technologies,
such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data
analytics, to optimize various aspects of urban living.

Importance of Energy Efficiency in Buildings : Maximizes resource

Introduction utilization, reduces environmental impact, and lowers operational costs
for sustainable and cost-effective urban development.

Role of Model Predictive Control: Enhances energy efficiency by

optimizing real-time decision-making in building systems, minimizing
resource consumption, and promoting sustainability.
 Defining Smart Cities : Smart Cities are urban areas that
leverage technology and data These cities integrate
advanced technologies, such as the Internet of Things
(IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics, to
optimize various aspects of urban living.

Key Components of Smart City

Smart Cities and Infrastructure: Connectivity, Data Analytics, Smart
Infrastructure, Urban Mobility, Governance, Security,
Quality of Life
Energy Efficiency

Emphasis on Sustainable and Efficient Buildings

 Statistics on Energy Consumption in
Buildings

Energy
Environmental Impact of High
Consumption Energy Usage
in Buildings

Need for Energy-efficient Solutions

Energy Consumption in
Buildings

• Refers to the amount of energy used for

heating, cooling, lighting, and operating
appliances within a structure. High energy
consumption contributes to environmental
impact and costs, emphasizing the need for
efficient building systems and practices.
 Model Predictive Control Overview

Basics of Real-time
Introduction to
Control Optimization
MPC
Systems with MPC
 Model Predictive Control Overview
• Introduction to MPC:
• Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an advanced control strategy that optimizes
decision-making by predicting future system behaviour. Widely used in various
industries, MPC improves efficiency and performance by continuously adjusting control
inputs based on real-time predictions.

• Basics of MPC Systems:

• Control MPC Systems involve predicting future system behaviour and iteratively
adjusting control inputs to optimize performance. This real-time optimization enhances
efficiency and responsiveness in various applications, from manufacturing to energy
management.
• Real-time Optimization with MPC:
• MPC performs continuous, real-time optimization by predicting future system states and
adjusting control inputs to achieve desired objectives. This dynamic approach enhances
efficiency and responsiveness in diverse applications.
 Prediction and Optimization in MPC

Working
Principle of Feedback Mechanism
MPC

Decision-making Process
Working Principle of MPC
 Prediction and Optimization in MPC:MPC involves making predictions about the future behaviour of a system and optimizing
control inputs to achieve specific goals. It anticipates how the system will evolve over time, allowing for proactive adjustments to
optimize performance and meet desired objectives.
 Feedback Mechanism in MPC:MPC employs a feedback mechanism by continuously comparing predicted system states with the
desired outcomes. This feedback loop allows for real-time adjustments to control inputs, ensuring that the system remains on track
and adapts to dynamic changes, thereby improving accuracy and performance.
 Decision-making Process in MPC:MPC's decision-making process involves continuous analysis of predicted system behaviour,
comparison with desired outcomes, and real-time adjustments to control inputs. This iterative cycle enables the system to
dynamically respond to changes, optimizing performance and achieving set objectives.
Benefits of MPC in Buildings
• Benefits of MPC in Buildings:
• Energy Efficiency: Optimizes energy consumption by dynamically adjusting building systems for
maximum efficiency.
• Cost Savings: Reduces operational costs through proactive management of energy resources and
improved system performance.
• Comfort Optimization: Ensures occupant comfort by adapting heating, cooling, and lighting systems
based on real-time conditions.
• Environmental Impact: Minimizes carbon footprint and contributes to sustainable practices by
optimizing resource utilization.
• Predictive Maintenance: Identifies and addresses potential issues before they escalate, extending the
lifespan of building systems.
• Adaptability: Easily adapts to changing conditions, occupancy patterns, and external factors, ensuring
optimal performance in dynamic environments.
• Compliance: Helps meet and exceed energy efficiency regulations and sustainability standards.
• Integration: Seamlessly integrates with various building systems, including HVAC, lighting, and
renewable energy sources.
• MPC in buildings offers a comprehensive approach to enhance performance, reduce costs, and promote
sustainability.
 HVAC Systems

Integration of
MPC in
Lighting Control
Building
Systems

Renewable Energy Integration

 HVAC Systems

Integration of MPC
in HVAC Systems

Load Forecasting

Energy Cost
Reduction
Integration of MPC
in Building Systems Demand Response

Fault Detection and

Diagnostics

Occupancy-Based
Control

Environmental
Impact
 Integration of
MPC in Lighting
Control

Integration with Adaptive

Building Systems Illumination

Integration of MPC Color

Temperature
Energy-Efficient
Scheduling
in Building Systems Control

Daylight Dynamic Response

Harvesting to Occupancy

Task-Based
Lighting
 Integration of
MPC in Building Systems

 Integration of MPC in Renewable Energy

Systems:
 Dynamic Energy Source Optimization
 Grid Interaction
 Storage System Control
 Load Forecasting
 Demand Response
 Economic Optimization
Case Studies
Showcase successful Highlight energy savings achieved
implementations of MPC in real- through MPC
world scenarios
 • Energy-Efficient Buildings in Singapore: Singapore has 50 Super Low
Energy (SLE)-certified buildings, including office, residential, industrial,
and institutional developments.
• Smart Campus at Stanford University: uses advanced network
infrastructure and internet-connected devices to create supportive and
Successful engaging experiences.
Implementations of • Industrial Applications at Dow Chemical
MPC in Real-world
Scenarios • Urban Traffic Control in Los Angeles

• Smart Grids in Germany

• Energy Storage Systems in South Korea

Challenges
and
Limitations Discuss challenges faced in Address potential limitations and
implementing MPC in buildings areas for improvement
Challenges and Limitations

• Computational Complexity:
• Model Accuracy:
• Sensor Noise and Uncertainty:
• Real-time Implementation:
• Robustness to Disturbances:
• Communication Delays:
• Tuning Complexity:
• Implementation Cost:
 Emerging Technologies in MPC

Future Trends Integration with IoT and AI

Potential advancements in energy-

efficient building control
 Future Trends
 Machine Learning Integration: Fusion of MPC with machine learning algorithms for improved system prediction
accuracy, and adaptive control.
 Edge Computing for Real-time Execution: Adoption of edge computing to reduce computational delays and
enhance the real-time execution of MPC in diverse applications.
 Decentralized MPC Systems: Development of decentralized MPC systems to improve scalability and handle large-
scale applications with distributed control.
 Hybrid Control Strategies: Integration of MPC with other control strategies, such as PID or fuzzy logic, to
leverage the strengths of different approaches for enhanced performance
 Adaptive and Learning MPC: Evolution towards MPC systems that can adapt and learn from changing system
dynamics over time, reducing the need for frequent model updates.
 Advanced Process Control in Industry 4.0: Increased adoption of MPC in Industry 4.0 applications, leveraging its
capabilities for optimal control in smart manufacturing environments.
 Cyber-Physical Systems Integration: Integration of MPC with cyber-physical systems for seamless control and
coordination across physical and digital components.
MPC in the Context
of Smart Cities
Role of MPC in the broader context Synergies with other Smart City
of Smart City Infrastructure Components
Role of Model Predictive Control
(MPC) in Smart City Infrastructure

 Energy Management
 Traffic Control and Optimization
 Public Transportation Systems
 Water Distribution Networks
 Waste Management
 Smart Grids and Energy Distribution
 Public Safety and Surveillance
 Environmental Monitoring
 Urban Climate Control
 Cross-Domain Integration
conclusion
 In conclusion, Model Predictive Control (MPC) stands as a pivotal technology in the transformation of smart city
infrastructure. Its role in optimizing energy consumption, enhancing efficiency across various domains, and fostering
sustainability showcases its versatility. As cities evolve towards smarter, more connected environments, MPC emerges as a
key enabler, ensuring adaptive and efficient control systems. With ongoing advancements and integration trends, MPC is
poised to play an increasingly integral part in shaping the future of intelligent and sustainable urban living.
Model Predictive Control for Energy-efficient Buildings in Smart Cities