CT004-3.

5-3
Advanced Database Systems

SQL Join Types

 Topic & Structure of Lesson

• Simple join
• Three Tables join
• Multigrouping columns
• Left outer join
• Right outer join
• Full outer join

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 2

 Learning Outcomes

By the end of this lesson you should be able to:

• Use simple join to retrieve information from more than

one table
• Understand the different types of joins, INNER JOIN,
LEFT OUTER JOIN, RIGHT OUTER JOIN
• AND FULL OUTER JOIN.

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 3

 Simple Join

List names of all clients who have viewed a property

along with any comment supplied.

SELECT c.clientNo, fName, lName,

propertyNo, comment
FROM Client c, Viewing v
WHERE c.clientNo = v.clientNo;

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 4

 Simple Join

• Only those rows from both tables that have identical

values in the clientNo columns (c.clientNo =
v.clientNo) are included in result.
• Equivalent to equi-join in relational algebra.

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 5

 Alternative JOIN Constructs

• SQL provides alternative ways to specify joins:

FROM Client c JOIN Viewing v ON c.clientNo =

v.clientNo
FROM Client JOIN Viewing USING clientNo
FROM Client NATURAL JOIN Viewing

• In each case, FROM replaces original FROM and

WHERE. However, first produces table with two
identical clientNo columns.

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 6

 Sorting a join

For each branch, list numbers and names of staff who

manage properties, and properties they manage.

SELECT s.branchNo, s.staffNo, fName, lName,

propertyNo
FROM Staff s, PropertyForRent p
WHERE s.staffNo = p.staffNo
ORDER BY s.branchNo, s.staffNo, propertyNo;

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 7

 Sorting a join

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 8

 Three Table Join

For each branch, list staff who manage properties,

including city in which branch is located and properties
they manage.

SELECT b.branchNo, b.city, s.staffNo, fName,

lName, propertyNo
FROM Branch b, Staff s, PropertyForRent p
WHERE b.branchNo = s.branchNo AND
s.staffNo = p.staffNo
ORDER BY b.branchNo, s.staffNo, propertyNo;

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 9

 Three Table Join

• Alternative formulation for FROM and WHERE:

FROM (Branch b JOIN Staff s USING branchNo) AS bs

JOIN PropertyForRent p USING staffNo

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 10

 Multiple Grouping Columns

Find number of properties handled by each staff

member.

SELECT s.branchNo, s.staffNo, COUNT(*) AS

myCount
FROM Staff s, PropertyForRent p
WHERE s.staffNo = p.staffNo
GROUP BY s.branchNo, s.staffNo
ORDER BY s.branchNo, s.staffNo;

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 11

 Multiple Grouping Columns

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 12

 Computing a Join

Procedure for generating results of a join are:

1. Form Cartesian product of the tables named in
FROM clause.
2. If there is a WHERE clause, apply the search
condition to each row of the product table, retaining
those rows that satisfy the condition.
3. For each remaining row, determine value of each item
in SELECT list to produce a single row in result
table.

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 13

 Computing a Join

4. If DISTINCT has been specified, eliminate any

duplicate rows from the result table.
5. If there is an ORDER BY clause, sort result table as
required.
• SQL provides special format of SELECT for
Cartesian product:
SELECT [DISTINCT | ALL] {* | columnList}
FROM Table1 CROSS JOIN Table2

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 14

 Outer Joins

• If one row of a joined table is unmatched, row

is omitted from result table.
• Outer join operations retain rows that do not
satisfy the join condition.
• Consider following tables:

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 15

 Outer Joins

• The (inner) join of these two tables:

SELECT b.*, p.*

FROM Branch1 b, PropertyForRent1 p
WHERE b.bCity = p.pCity;

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 16

 Outer Joins

• Result table has two rows where cities are same.

• There are no rows corresponding to branches in
Bristol and Aberdeen.
• To include unmatched rows in result table, use an
Outer join.

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 17

 Left Outer Join

List branches and properties that are in same city

along with any unmatched branches.

SELECT b.*, p.*

FROM Branch1 b LEFT JOIN
PropertyForRent1 p ON b.bCity = p.pCity;

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 18

 Left Outer Join

• Includes those rows of first (left) table unmatched

with rows from second (right) table.
• Columns from second table are filled with NULLs.

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 19

 Right Outer Join

List branches and properties in same city and any

unmatched properties.

SELECT b.*, p.*

FROM Branch1 b RIGHT JOIN
PropertyForRent1 p ON b.bCity = p.pCity;

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 20

 Right Outer Join

• Right Outer join includes those rows of second

(right) table that are unmatched with rows from first
(left) table.
• Columns from first table are filled with NULLs.

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 21

 Full Outer Join

List branches and properties in same city and any

unmatched branches or properties.

SELECT b.*, p.*

FROM Branch1 b FULL JOIN
PropertyForRent1 p ON b.bCity = p.pCity;

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 22

 Full Outer Join

• Includes rows that are unmatched in both tables.

• Unmatched columns are filled with NULLs.

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 23

 References

Connolly & Begg chapter 5 p. 140

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 24