PYTHON PROGRAMMING:

MODULE 5 – LISTS, TUPLES, SETS AND

DICTIONARY
Prof J. Noorul Ameen M.E,(Ph.D), EMCAA, MISTE, D.Acu.,
Assistant Professor/CSE
Member – Centre for Technology & Capability Development
E.G.S Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam

9150132532
[email protected]
Profameencse.weebly.com Noornilo Nafees 1
 MODULE 5 – LISTS, TUPLES, SETS AND
DICTIONARY
 At the end of this course students can able to
 Understand the basic concepts of various

collection data types in python such as List,

Tuples, sets and Dictionary.
 Work with List, Tuples, sets and Dictionaries

using variety of functions.

 Write Python programs using List, Tuples, sets

and Dictionaries.
 Understand the relationship between List,

Tuples and Dictionaries.

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 Introduction to List
 Python programming language has four collections of
data types such as List, Tuples, Set and Dictionary.
 It is an ordered collection of values enclosed within
square brackets [ ].
 Each value of a list is called as element.
 It can be of any type such as numbers, characters,
strings and even the nested lists as well.
 The elements can be modified or mutable which means
the elements can be replaced, added or removed.
 Every element rests at some position in the list.
 The position of an element is indexed with numbers
beginning with zero which is used to locate and access
a particular element.
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 Creating a List in Python:
 In python, a list is created by using square bracket.
 The elements of list should be specified within square

brackets.
 The following syntax explains the creation of list.
 Syntax:
 Variable = [element-1, element-2, element-3 ……

element-n]

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 Example:
 Marks = [10, 23, 41, 75]
 Fruits = [“Apple”, “Orange”, “Mango”, “Banana”]
 MyList = [ ]
 Mylist1 = [“Welcome”, 3.14, 10, 20 ]
 In the above example,
 The list Marks has four integer elements
 Second list Fruits has four string elements
 Third MyList is an empty list.
 Fourth Mylist1 contains multiple type elements.

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 Accessing List elements: Python assigns an automatic
index value for each element of a list begins with zero.
 Index value can be used to access an element in a list.

In python, index value is an integer number which can

be positive or negative.
 Example: Marks = [10, 23, 41, 75]

 Positive value of index counts from the beginning of

the list and negative value means counting backward
from end of the list (i.e. in reverse order).

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 To access an element from a list, write the name of the
list, followed by the index of the element enclosed
within square brackets.
 Syntax:
 List_Variable = [E1, E2, E3 …… En]
 print (List_Variable[index of a element])
 Example - Accessing single element:
 Marks = [10, 23, 41, 75]
 print (Marks[0])
 10
 Example - Accessing single element in reverse order):
 Marks = [10, 23, 41, 75]
 print (Marks[-1])
 75
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 Example - Accessing all elements in the list using while
loop:
 Loops are used to access all elements from a list.
 The initial value of the loop must be zero.
 Zero is the beginning index value of a list.
 Marks = [10, 23, 41, 75]
 i=0
 while(i < 4):
◦ print (Marks[i])
◦ i=i+1
 Output
 10
 23
 41
 75 Noornilo Nafees 8
 In the above example, Marks list contains four integer
elements i.e., 10, 23, 41, 75.
 Each element has an index value from 0.
 The index value of the elements are 0, 1, 2, 3

respectively.
 Here, the while loop is used to read all the elements.
 The initial value of the loop is 0, and the test condition

is i < 4
 As long as the test condition is true, the loop executes

and prints the corresponding output.

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 During the first iteration, the value of i is zero, where
the condition is true.
 Now, the statement print (Marks [i]) gets executed and

prints the value of Marks [0] element 10.

 The next statement i = i + 1 increments the value of i

from 0 to 1.
 Now, the flow of control shifts to the while statement

for checking the test condition.

 The process repeats to print the remaining elements of

Marks list until the test condition of while loop

becomes false.

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 The following table shows that the execution of loop
and the value to be print.

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 Reverse Indexing: Python enables reverse or negative
indexing for the list elements.
 The python sets -1 as the index value for the last element
in list and -2 for the preceding element and so on.
 This is called as Reverse Indexing.
 Marks = [10, 23, 41, 75]
 i = -1
 while(i >= -4):
◦ print (Marks[i])
◦ i = i + -1
 Output
 75
 41
 23
 10
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 List Length:
 The len( ) function in Python is used to find the length

of a list. (i.e., the number of elements in a list).

 If a list contains another list as an element, len( )

returns that inner list as a single element.

 Example:
 MySubject = [“Cloud Computing”, “Data Centre and

Virtualization”, “Computer Networks”, “Professional

Ethics”]
 len(MySubject)
 Output
 4

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 Example: Program to display elements in a list using while
loop and len()
 MySubject = [“Cloud Computing”, “Data Centre and
Virtualization”, “Computer Networks”, “Professional
Ethics”]
 i=0
 while (i < len(MySubject)):
◦ print (MySubject[i])
◦ i=i+1
 Output
 Cloud Computing
 Data Centre and Virtualization
 Computer Networks
 Professional Ethics

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 Accessing elements using for loop: In Python, the for loop
is used to access all the elements in a list one by one.
 Syntax:
 for index_var in list:
◦ print (index_var)
 Example:
 Marks=[23, 45, 67, 78, 98]
 for x in Marks:
◦ print( x )
 Output
 23
 45
 67
 78
 98
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 Changing list elements: In Python, the lists are
mutable, which means they can be changed.
 A list element or range of elements can be changed or
altered by using simple assignment operator (=).
 Syntax:
 List_Variable [index of an element] = Value to be
changed
 List_Variable [index from : index to] = Values to changed
 Where, index from is the beginning index of the range;
index to is the upper limit of the range which is
excluded in the range.
 For example, if you set the range [0:5] means, Python
takes only 0 to 4 as element index.
 Thus, if you want to update the range of elements from
1 to 4, it should be specified as [1:5].
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 Example: Python program to update/change single value
 MyList = [2, 4, 5, 8, 10]
 print ("MyList elements before update... ")
Output:
 for x in MyList: MyList elements before
 print (x) update...
2
 MyList[2] = 6
4
 print ("MyList elements after updation... ") 5
 for y in MyList: 8
10
 print (y) MyList elements after
updation...
2
4
6
8
10

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 Python program to update/change range of values:
 MyList = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
 print ("List of Odd numbers... ")
Output:
 for x in MyList:
List of Odd numbers...
 print (x) 1
 MyList[0:5] = 2,4,6,8,10 3
 print ("List of Even numbers... ")
5
7
 for y in MyList:
9
 print (y) List of Even numbers...
2
4
6
8
10
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 Adding more elements in a list:
 In Python, append() function is used to add a single

element and extend() function is used to add more

than one element to an existing list.
 Syntax:
 List.append (element to be added)
 List.extend ([elements to be added])
 In extend() function, multiple elements should be

specified within square bracket as arguments of the

function.

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 Example – append()
 Mylist=[34, 45, 48]
 Mylist.append(90)
 print(Mylist)
 Output:
 [34, 45, 48, 90]
 Example – extend()
 Mylist.extend([71, 32, 29])
 print(Mylist)
 Output:
 [34, 45, 48, 90, 71, 32, 29]

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 Inserting elements in a list:
 If you want to include an element at your desired

position, you can use insert () function.

 The insert() function is used to insert an element at

any position of a list.

 Syntax:
 List.insert (position index, element)

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 Example: insert()
 MyList=[34,98,47,'Kannan', 'Gowrisankar', 'Lenin',
'Sreenivasan' ]
 print(MyList)
 MyList.insert(3, 'Ramakrishnan')
 print(MyList)
 Output 1
 [34, 98, 47, 'Kannan', 'Gowrisankar', 'Lenin', 'Sreenivasan']
 Output 2
 [34, 98, 47, 'Ramakrishnan', 'Kannan', 'Gowrisankar', 'Lenin',
'Sreenivasan']
 In the above example, insert() function inserts a new element
‘Ramakrishnan’ at the index vaalue 3, ie. at the 4th position.
 While inserting a new element in between the existing
elements, at a particular location, the existing elements shifts
one position to the right
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 Deleting elements from a list:
 Syntax:
 del List [index of an element]
 # to delete a particular element
 del List [index from : index to]
 # to delete multiple elements
 del List
 # to delete entire list

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 Example: Deleting particular element in a list
 MySubjects = ['Tamil', 'Hindi', 'Telugu', 'Maths']
 print (MySubjects)
 del MySubjects[1]
 print (MySubjects)
 Output 1
 ['Tamil', 'Hindi', 'Telugu', 'Maths']
 Output 2
 ['Tamil', 'Telugu', 'Maths']
 In the above example, the list MySubjects has been
created with four elements.
 print statement shows all the elements of the list.
 del MySubjects[1] statement, deletes an element whose
index value is 1 and the following print shows the
remaining elements of the list. Noornilo Nafees 24
 Example: To delete multiple elements
 MySubjects = ['Tamil', 'Hindi', 'Telugu', 'Maths']
 del MySubjects[1:3]
 print(MySubjects)
 Output:
 ['Tamil‘,’Maths’]
 In the above codes, del MySubjects[1:3] deletes the

second and third elements from the list. The upper

limit of index is specified within square brackets, will
be taken as -1 by the python.

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 Example: To delete entire list
 del MySubjects
 print(MySubjects)
 Output:
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<pyshell#9>", line 1, in <module>
 print(MySubjects)
 NameError: name 'MySubjects' is not defined
 Here, del MySubjects, deletes the list MySubjects

entirely.
 When you try to print the elements, Python shows an

error as the list is not defined.

 Which means, the list MySubjects has been completely

deleted.
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 remove( )
 The remove( ) function can also be used to delete one

or more elements if the index value is not known.

 Syntax: List.remove(element) # to delete a particular

element
 MyList=[12,89,34,’Noor', ’Nilo', ’Nafees']
 print(MyList)
 Output 1
 [12, 89, 34, ’Noor', ’Nilo', ’Nafees']
 Output 2
 MyList.remove(89)
 print(MyList)
 [12, 34, ’Noor', ’Nilo', ’Nafees']

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 pop( )
 pop( ) function can be used to delete an element using

the given index value.

 pop( ) function deletes and returns the last element of

a list if the index is not given.

 Syntax: List.pop(index of an element)
 MyList=[12,34,’Noor', ’Nilo', ’Nafees']
 MyList.pop(1)
 Output 1
 34
 print(MyList)
 Output 1
 [12,’Noor', ’Nilo', ’Nafees']

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 clear( )
 The function clear( ) is used to delete all the elements

in list, it deletes only the elements and retains the list.

 Remember that, the del statement deletes entire list.
 Syntax: List.clear()
 MyList=[12,34,’Noor', ’Nilo', ’Nafees']
 MyList.clear( )
 print(MyList)
 Output:
 []

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 List and range ( ) function
 The range( ) is a function used to generate a series of

values in Python.
 Using range( ) function, you can create list with series

of values.
 The range( ) function has three arguments.
 Syntax: range (start value, end value, step value)
 start value – beginning value of series. Zero is the

default beginning value.

 end value – upper limit of series. Python takes the

ending value as upper limit – 1.

 step value – It is an optional argument, which is used

to generate different interval of values.

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 Example : Generating whole numbers up to 10
 for x in range (1, 11):

◦ print(x)
 Output
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
 10
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 Example : Generating first 10 even numbers
 for x in range (2, 11, 2):

◦ print(x)
 Output
 2
 4
 6
 8
 10

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 (i) Creating a list with series of values:
 Using the range( ) function, you can create a list with

series of values.
 To convert the result of range( ) function into list, we

need one more function called list( ).

 The list( ) function makes the result of range( ) as a list.
 Syntax:
 List_Varibale = list ( range ( ) )

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 Example:
 Even_List = list(range(2,11,2))
 print(Even_List)
 Output:
 [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
 Example : Generating squares of first 10 natural

numbers
 squares = [ ]
 for x in range(1,11):

◦ s = x ** 2
◦ squares.append(s)
 print (squares)
 Output:
 [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
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 List comprehensions:
 List comprehension is a simplest way of creating

sequence of elements that satisfy a certain condition.

 Syntax:
 List = [ expression for variable in range ]
 Example : Generating squares of first 10 natural

numbers using the concept of List comprehension

 squares = [ x ** 2 for x in range(1,11) ]
 print (squares)
 Output:
 [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

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 Important list functions:
 1. copy() - Returns a copy of the list
 Syntax: List.copy()
 MyList=[12, 12, 36]
 x = MyList.copy()
 print(x)
 Output:
 [12, 12, 36]

 2. count() - Returns the number of similar elements present in the

last.
 Syntax: List.count(value)
 MyList=[36 ,12 ,12]
 x = MyList.count(12)
 print(x)
 Output:
 2 Noornilo Nafees 36
 3. index () Returns the index value of the first recurring
element
 Syntax: List.index(element)
 MyList=[36 ,12 ,12]
 x = MyList.index(12)
 print(x)
 Output:
 1
 4. reverse () - Reverses the order of the element in the list.
 Syntax: List.reverse( )
 MyList=[36 ,23 ,12]
 MyList.reverse()
 print(MyList)
 Output:
 [12 ,23 ,36] Noornilo Nafees 37
 5. sort() - Sorts the element in list
 Syntax: List.sort(reverse=True|False)
 Both arguments are optional
 If reverse is set as True, list sorting is in descending

order.
 Ascending is default.
 sort() will affect the original list.

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 Example:
 MyList=['Thilothamma', 'Tharani', 'Anitha', 'SaiSree',

'Lavanya']
 MyList.sort( )
 print(MyList)
 MyList.sort(reverse=True)
 print(MyList)
 Output 1:
 ['Anitha', 'Lavanya', 'SaiSree', 'Tharani', 'Thilothamma']
 Output 2:
 ['Thilothamma', 'Tharani', 'SaiSree', 'Lavanya', 'Anitha']

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 6. max() - Returns the maximum value in a list.
 Syntax: max(list)
 MyList=[21,76,98,23]
 print(max(MyList))
 Output:
 98

 7. min() - Returns the minimum value in a list.

 Syntax: min(list)
 MyList=[21,76,98,23]
 print(min(MyList))
 Output:
 21
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 8. sum() - Returns the sum of values in a list.
 Syntax: sum(list)
 MyList=[21,76,98,23]
 print(sum(MyList))
 Output:
 218

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 Program 1: write a program that creates a list of
numbers from 1 to 20 that are divisible by 4
 divBy4=[ ]
 for i in range(21):

◦ if (i%4==0):
 divBy4.append(i)
 print(divBy4)
 Output
 [0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20]

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 Program 2: Write a program to define a list of countries that
are a member of BRICS. Check whether a country is member
of BRICS or not?
 country=["India", "Russia", "Srilanka", "China", "Brazil"]
 member = input("Enter the name of the country: ")
 if member in country:
◦ print(member, " is the member of BRICS")
 else:
◦ print(member, " is not a member of BRICS")
 Output 1
 Enter the name of the country: India
 India is the member of BRICS
 Output 2
 Enter the name of the country: Japan
 Japan is not a member of BRICS
Noornilo Nafees 43
 Python program to read marks of six subjects and to print the
marks scored in each subject and show the total marks
 marks=[]
 subjects=['Cloud Computing', 'Data Centre and Virtualization',
'Computer Networks', 'Professional Ethics', 'Operating
Systems', 'Python Programming']
 for i in range(6):
◦ print("Enter marks of",subjects[i],":")
◦ m=int(input())
◦ marks.append(m)
 for j in range(len(marks)):
◦ print(j+1,".",subjects[j],"Mark=",marks[j])
 tot=sum(marks)
 print("\nTotal Marks = ",tot)
 avg=tot/6
 print("Average marks = ",round(avg,2))
Noornilo Nafees 44
 OUTPUT:
 Enter marks of Cloud Computing :
 89
 Enter marks of Data Centre and Virtualization :
 99
 Enter marks of Computer Networks :
 85
 Enter marks of Professional Ethics :
 87
 Enter marks of Operating Systems :
 97
 Enter marks of Python Programming :
 99
 1 . Cloud Computing Mark = 89
 2 . Data Centre and Virtualization Mark = 99
 3 . Computer Networks Mark = 85
 4 . Professional Ethics Mark = 87
 5 . Operating Systems Mark = 97
 6 . Python Programming Mark = 99
 Total Marks = 556
 Average marks = 92.67
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 Python program to read prices of 5 items in a list and
then display sum of all the prices, product of all the prices
and find the average
 items=[]
 prod=1
 for i in range(5):
◦ print ("Enter price for item :”,(i+1))
◦ p=int(input())
◦ items.append(p)
 for j in range(len(items)):
 print("Price for item”,(j+1),” = Rs.”,items[j])

 prod = prod * items[j]

 print("Sum of all prices = Rs.", sum(items))

 print("Product of all prices = Rs.", prod)
 print("Average of all prices = Rs.",sum(items)/len(items))
Noornilo Nafees 46
 Output:
 Enter price for item 1 :
 5
 Enter price for item 2 :
 10
 Enter price for item 3 :
 15
 Enter price for item 4 :
 20
 Enter price for item 5 :
 25
 Price for item 1 = Rs. 5
 Price for item 2 = Rs. 10
 Price for item 3 = Rs. 15
 Price for item 4 = Rs. 20
 Price for item 5 = Rs. 25
 Sum of all prices = Rs. 75
 Product of all prices = Rs. 375000
 Average of all prices = Rs. 15.0
Noornilo Nafees 47
 Python program to count the number of employees earning more
than 1 lakh per annum. The monthly salaries of n number of
employees are given
 count=0
 n=int(input("Enter no. of employees: "))
 print("No. of Employees",n)
 salary=[]
 for i in range(n):
◦ print("Enter Monthly Salary of Employee”,(i+1),”Rs: ")
◦ s=int(input())
◦ salary.append(s)
 for j in range(len(salary)):
◦ annual_salary = salary[j] * 12
◦ print ("Annual Salary of Employee”,(j+1),” is:Rs:”,annual_salary))
◦ if (annual_salary >= 100000):
◦ count = count + 1
 print(count,“ Employees out of”,n,” employees are earning more than
Rs. 1 Lakh per annum") Noornilo Nafees 48
 Output:
 Enter no. of employees: 5
 No. of Employees 5
 Enter Monthly Salary of Employee 1 Rs.:
 3000
 Enter Monthly Salary of Employee 2 Rs.:
 9500
 Enter Monthly Salary of Employee 3 Rs.:
 12500
 Enter Monthly Salary of Employee 4 Rs.:
 5750
 Enter Monthly Salary of Employee 5 Rs.:
 8000
 Annual Salary of Employee 1 is:Rs. 36000
 Annual Salary of Employee 2 is:Rs. 114000
 Annual Salary of Employee 3 is:Rs. 150000
 Annual Salary of Employee 4 is:Rs. 69000
 Annual Salary of Employee 5 is:Rs. 96000
 2 Employees out of 5 employees are earning more than Rs. 1 Lakh per
annum
Noornilo Nafees 49
 Write a program to create a list of numbers in the range 1
to 10. Then delete all the even numbers from the list and
print the final list.
 Num = []
 for x in range(1,11):
◦ Num.append(x)
◦ print("The list of numbers from 1 to 10 = ", Num)
 for i in Num:
◦ if(i%2==0):
 Num.remove(i)
 print("The list after deleting even numbers = ", Num)
 Output:
The list of numbers from 1 to 10 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10]
 The list after deleting even numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Noornilo Nafees 50
 Write a program to generate Fibonacci series and store it in a list. Then find
the sum of all values.
 fib=[]
 Number = int(input("Please Enter the Range Number: "))
 i=0 Output:
 First_Value = 0 Please Enter the Range Number: 5
 Second_Value = 1 Fibonacci series up to 5 is [0, 1, 1, 2, 3]
 while(i < Number):
Sum of all values in the Fibonacci series is: 7
◦ if(i <= 1):
 Next = i
 fib.append(Next)
◦ else:
 Next = First_Value + Second_Value
 fib.append(Next)
 First_Value = Second_Value
 Second_Value = Next
◦ i=i+1
 print("Fibonacci series up to",Number,"is",fib)
 print("Sum of all values in the Fibonacci series is:",sum(fib))
Noornilo Nafees 51
 Tuples
 Tuples consists of a number of values separated by
comma and enclosed within parentheses.
 Tuple is similar to list, values in a list can be changed but
not in a tuple.
 Comparison of Tuples with List :
 The elements of a list are changeable (mutable) whereas
the elements of a tuple are unchangeable (immutable),
this is the key difference between tuples and list.
 The elements of a list are enclosed within square
brackets. But, the elements of a tuple are enclosed by
parenthesis.
 Iterating tuples is faster than list.
 Most of the functions used in List can be applicable for
tuples.
Noornilo Nafees 52
 Creating Tuples
 In tuples, elements may be enclosed by parenthesis.
 The elements of a tuple can be even defined without

parenthesis.
 Whether the elements defined within parenthesis or

without parenthesis, there is no difference in it's

function.
 Syntax:
 # Empty tuple
 Tuple_Name = ( )
 # Tuple with n number elements
 Tuple_Name = (E1, E2, E2 ……. En)
 # Elements of a tuple without parenthesis
 Tuple_Name = E1, E2, E3 ….. En
Noornilo Nafees 53
 Example 1:
 MyTup1 = (23, 56, 89, 'A', 'E', 'I', “Networks")
 print(MyTup1)
 Output:
 (23, 56, 89, 'A', 'E', 'I', ‘Networks')
 Example 1:
 MyTup2 = 23, 56, 89, 'A', 'E', 'I', “Networks"
 print (MyTup2)
 Output:
 (23, 56, 89, 'A', 'E', 'I', ‘Networks')

Noornilo Nafees 54
 (i) Creating tuples using tuple( ) function
 The tuple( ) function is used to create Tuples from a list.
 When you create a tuple, from a list, the elements should
be enclosed within square brackets.
 Syntax:
 Tuple_Name = tuple( [list elements] )
 Example:
 MyTup3 = tuple( [23, 45, 90] )
 print(MyTup3)
 Output: type ( ) function is used to know the data
 (23, 45, 90) type of a python object.
 type (MyTup3)
 Output:
 <class ‘tuple’>
Noornilo Nafees 55
 (ii) Creating Single element tuple
 While creating a tuple with a single element, add a comma at
the end of the element.
 In the absence of a comma, Python will consider the element as
an ordinary data type; not a tuple.
 Creating a Tuple with one element is called “Singleton” tuple.
 Example:
 MyTup4 = (10)
 type(MyTup4)
 Output:
 <class 'int'>
 Example:
 MyTup5 = (10,)
 type(MyTup5)
 Output:
 <class 'tuple'>
Noornilo Nafees 56
 Accessing values in a Tuple: Each element of tuple has an index number
starting from zero.
 The elements of a tuple can be easily accessed by using index number.
 Example:
 Tup1 = (12, 78, 91, “Tamil”, “Telugu”, 3.14, 69.48)
 # to access all the elements of a tuple
 print(Tup1)
 (12, 78, 91, 'Tamil', 'Telugu', 3.14, 69.48)
 #accessing selected elements using indices
 print(Tup1[2:5])
 (91, 'Tamil', 'Telugu')
 #accessing from the first element up to the specified index value
 print(Tup1[:5])
 (12, 78, 91, 'Tamil', 'Telugu')
 # accessing from the specified element up to the last element.
 print(Tup1[4:])
 ('Telugu', 3.14, 69.48)
 # accessing from the first element to the last element
 print(Tup1[:])
 (12, 78, 91, 'Tamil', 'Telugu', 3.14, 69.48)
Noornilo Nafees 57
 Update Tuple:
 As you know a tuple is immutable, the elements in a

tuple cannot be changed.

 Instead of altering values in a tuple, joining two tuples

or deleting the entire tuple is possible.

 Example:
 Program to join two tuples
 Tup1 = (2,4,6,8,10)
 Tup2 = (1,3,5,7,9)
 Tup3 = Tup1 + Tup2
 print(Tup3)
 Output
 (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9)

Noornilo Nafees 58
 Delete Tuple:
 To delete an entire tuple, the del command can be used.
 Syntax:
 del tuple_name
 Example:
 Tup1 = (2,4,6,8,10)
 print("The elements of Tup1 is ", Tup1)
 del Tup1
 print (Tup1)
 Output:
 The elements of Tup1 is (2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "D:/Python/Tuple Examp 1.py", line 4, in <module>
 print (Tup1)
 NameError: name 'Tup1' is not defined
Noornilo Nafees 59
 Sorting a tuple: To sort a tuple in python use sorted() built in
function.
 Pass the tuple as argument to sorted() function.
 This function returns a list with the items of tuples sorted in
ascending order.
 Then we should convert this list in to tuple using tuple()
function.
 If reverse=true passed as second argument to sorted() function,
Example
it sorts the items in descending order.2:
 Example 1: mytup1 = (23, 56, 2)
 mytup1 = (23, 56, 2) result=sorted(mytup1,reverse=true)
 result=sorted(mytup1) result=tuple(result)
print(result)
 result=tuple(result)
Output:
 print(result)
(56,23,2)
 Output:
 (2, 23, 56)
Noornilo Nafees 60
 Tuple Assignment:
 Tuple assignment is a powerful feature in Python.
 It allows a tuple variable on the left of the assignment

operator to be assigned to the values on the right side

of the assignment operator.
 Each value is assigned to its respective variable.

Noornilo Nafees 61
 Example 1:
 (a, b, c) = (34, 90, 76)
 print(a,b,c)
 Output 1:
 34 90 76
 Example 2:
 (x, y, z, p) = (2**2, 5/3+4, 15%2, 34>65)
 print(x,y,z,p)
 Output 2:
 4 5.666666666666667 1 False
 Note that, when you assign values to a tuple, ensure

that the number of values on both sides of the

assignment operator are same; otherwise, an error will
be generated by Python.
Noornilo Nafees 62
 Returning multiple values in Tuples: A function can return only
one value at a time, but Python returns more than one value
from a function.
 Python groups multiple values and returns them together.
 Program to return the maximum as well as minimum values in
a list
 def Min_Max(n):
◦ a = max(n)
◦ b = min(n)
◦ return(a, b)
 Num = (12, 65, 84, 1, 18, 85, 99)
 (Max_Num, Min_Num) = Min_Max(Num)
 print("Maximum value = ", Max_Num)
 print("Minimum value = ", Min_Num)
 Output:
 Maximum value = 99
 Minimum value = 1 Noornilo Nafees 63
 Nested Tuples:
 In Python, a tuple can be defined inside another tuple; called
Nested tuple.
 In a nested tuple, each tuple is considered as an element.
 The for loop will be useful to access all the elements in a nested
tuple.
 Example:
 Toppers = (("Vinodini", "XII-F", 98.7), ("Soundarya", "XII-H",
97.5),
 ("Tharani", "XII-F", 95.3), ("Saisri", "XII-G", 93.8))
 for i in Toppers:
◦ print(i)
 Output:
 ('Vinodini', 'XII-F', 98.7)
 ('Soundarya', 'XII-H', 97.5)
 ('Tharani', 'XII-F', 95.3)
 ('Saisri', 'XII-G', 93.8) Noornilo Nafees 64
 Write a program to swap two values using tuple
assignment
 a = int(input("Enter value of A: "))
 b = int(input("Enter value of B: "))
 print("Value of A = ", a, "\n Value of B = ", b)
 (a, b) = (b, a)
 print("Value of A = ", a, "\n Value of B = ", b)
 Output:
 Enter value of A: 54
 Enter value of B: 38
 Value of A = 54
 Value of B = 38
 Value of A = 38
 Value of B = 54
Noornilo Nafees 65
 Write a program using a function that returns the area
and circumference of a circle whose radius is passed as
an argument using tuple assignment.
 pi = 3.14
 def Circle(r):
◦ return (pi*r*r, 2*pi*r)
 radius = float(input("Enter the Radius: "))
 (area, circum) = Circle(radius)
 print ("Area of the circle = ", area)
 print ("Circumference of the circle = ", circum)
 Output:
 Enter the Radius: 5
 Area of the circle = 78.5
 Circumference of the circle = 31.400000000000002
Noornilo Nafees 66
 Write a program that has a tuple of positive and
negative numbers. Create a new tuple that has only
positive numbers from the existing tuple.
 Numbers = (5, -8, 6, 8, -4, 3, 1)
 Positive = ( )
 for i in Numbers:

◦ if i > 0:
 Positive += (i, )
 print("Positive Numbers: ", Positive)
 Output:
 Positive Numbers: (5, 6, 8, 3, 1)

Noornilo Nafees 67
 SET:
 In python, a set is another type of collection data type.
 A Set is a mutable and an unordered collection of

elements without duplicates.

 Creating a Set:
 A set is created by placing all the elements separated

by comma within a pair of curly brackets.

 The set( ) function can also used to create sets in

Python.
 Syntax:
 Set_Variable = {E1, E2, E3 …….. En}

Noornilo Nafees 68
 Example 1:
 S1={1,2,3,'A',3.14} In the above examples, the set
 print(S1) S1 is created with different types
 Output 1:
of elements without duplicate
values.
 {1, 2, 3, 3.14, 'A'}
Whereas in the set S2 is created
 Example 2:
with duplicate values, but python
 S2={1,2,2,'A',3.14}
accepts only one element among
 print(S2) the duplications.
 Output 2: Which means python removed
 {1, 2, 'A', 3.14} the duplicate value, because a set
in python cannot have duplicate
elements.

Noornilo Nafees 69
 Set Operations
 Python supports the set operations such as Union,

Intersection, difference and Symmetric difference.

 (i) Union: It includes all elements from two or more

sets
 In python, the operator | is used to union of two sets.
 The function union( ) is also used to join two sets in

python.

Noornilo Nafees 70
 Program to Join (Union) two sets using union
operator
 set_A={2,4,6,8}
 set_B={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}
 U_set=set_A|set_B
 print(U_set)
 Output:
 {2, 4, 6, 8, 'A', 'D', 'C', 'B'}

Noornilo Nafees 71
 Program to Join (Union) two sets using union function
 set_A={2,4,6,8}
 set_B={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}
 set_U=set_A.union(set_B)
 print(set_U)
 Output:
 {'D', 2, 4, 6, 8, 'B', 'C', 'A'}

Noornilo Nafees 72
 (ii) Intersection: It includes the common elements in
two sets
 The operator & is used to intersect two sets in python.
 The function intersection( ) is also used to intersect

two sets in python.

Noornilo Nafees 73
 Program to insect two sets using intersection
operator
 set_A={'A', 2, 4, 'D'}
 set_B={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}
 print(set_A & set_B)
 Output:
 {'A', 'D'}
 Program to insect two sets using intersection function
 set_A={'A', 2, 4, 'D'}
 set_B={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}
 print(set_A.intersection(set_B))
 Output:
 {'A', 'D'}

Noornilo Nafees 74
 (iii) Difference
 It includes all elements that are in first set (say set A)

but not in the second set (say set B)

 The minus (-) operator is used to difference set

operation in python.
 The function difference( ) is also used to difference

operation.

Noornilo Nafees 75
 Program to difference of two sets using minus
operator
 set_A={'A', 2, 4, 'D'}
 set_B={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}
 print(set_A - set_B)
 Output:
 {2, 4}
 Program to difference of two sets using difference

function
 set_A={'A', 2, 4, 'D'}
 set_B={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}
 print(set_A.diff erence(set_B))
 Output:
 {2, 4}
Noornilo Nafees 76
 (iv) Symmetric difference:
 It includes all the elements that are in two sets (say sets
A and B) but not the one that are common to two sets.
 The caret (^) operator is used to perform symmetric
difference set operation in python.
 The function symmetric_difference( ) is also used to do
the same operation.
 Program to perform symmetric difference of two sets
using caret operator
 set_A={'A', 2, 4, 'D'}
 set_B={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}
 print(set_A ^ set_B)
 Output:
 {2, 4, 'B', 'C'}
Noornilo Nafees 77
 Program to difference of two sets using symmetric
difference function
 set_A={'A', 2, 4, 'D'}
 set_B={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}
 print(set_A.symmetric_difference(set_B))
 Output:
 {2, 4, 'B', 'C'}

Noornilo Nafees 78
 Dictionaries:
 In python, a dictionary is a mixed collection of

elements.
 Unlike other collection data types such as a list or

tuple, the dictionary type stores a key along with its

element.
 The keys in a Python dictionary is separated by a colon

( : ) while the commas work as a separator for the

elements.
 The key value pairs are enclosed with curly braces { }.
 Key in the dictionary must be unique case sensitive
 Syntax of defining a dictionary:
 Dictionary_Name = { Key_1: Value_1,Key_2:Value_2,
 ……..Key_n:Value_n}
Noornilo Nafees 79
 Creating a Dictionary
 # Empty dictionary
 Dict1 = { }
 # Dictionary with Key
 Dict_Stud = { 'RollNo': '1234', 'Name':'Murali',

'Class':'XII', 'Marks':'451'}

Noornilo Nafees 80
 Dictionary Comprehensions
 In Python, comprehension is another way of creating

dictionary.
 The following is the syntax of creating such dictionary.
 Syntax
 Dict = { expression for variable in sequence [if

condition] }
 The if condition is optional and if specified, only those

values in the sequence are evaluated using the

expression which satisfy the condition.

Noornilo Nafees 81
 Example:
 Dict = { x : 2 * x for x in range(1,10)}
 Output:
 {1: 2, 2: 4, 3: 6, 4: 8, 5: 10, 6: 12, 7: 14, 8: 16, 9: 18}
 Accessing, Adding, Modifying and Deleting elements

from a Dictionary
 Accessing all elements from a dictionary is very similar

as Lists and Tuples.

 Simple print function is used to access all the

elements.
 If you want to access a particular element, square

brackets can be used along with key.

Noornilo Nafees 82
 Program to access all the values stored in a dictionary
 MyDict = { 'Reg_No': '1221',
 'Name' : ‘Nafees',
 'School' : 'CGHSS',
 'Address' : 'Rotler St., Chennai 112' }
 print(MyDict)
 print("Register Number: ", MyDict['Reg_No'])
 print("Name of the Student: ", MyDict['Name'])
 print("School: ", MyDict['School'])
 print("Address: ", MyDict['Address'])
 Output:
 {'Reg_No': '1221', 'Name': ‘Nafees', 'School': 'CGHSS', 'Address':
'Rotler St., Chennai 112'}
 Register Number: 1221
 Name of the Student: Nafees
 School: CGHSS
 Address: Rotler St., Chennai 112 Noornilo Nafees 83
 Adding elements in dictionary:
 In an existing dictionary, you can add more values by

simply assigning the value along with key.

 Syntax: dictionary_name [key] = value/element

Noornilo Nafees 84
 Program to add a new value in the dictionary
 MyDict = { 'Reg_No': '1221',
 'Name' : ‘Nafees',
 'School' : 'CGHSS', 'Address' : '
 Rotler St., Chennai 112'}
 print(MyDict)
 print("Register Number: ", MyDict['Reg_No'])
 print("Name of the Student: ", MyDict['Name'])
 MyDict['Class'] = 'XII - A' # Adding new value
 print("Class: ", MyDict['Class']) # Printing newly

added value
 print("School: ", MyDict['School'])
 print("Address: ", MyDict['Address'])

Noornilo Nafees 85
 Modification of value in python dictionary:
 Modification of a value in dictionary is very similar as

adding elements.
 When you assign a value to a key, it will simply

overwrite the old value.

 Deletion of elements in dictionary:
 In Python dictionary, del keyword is used to delete a

particular element.
 The clear( ) function is used to delete all the elements

in a dictionary.
 To remove the dictionary, you can use del keyword

with dictionary name.

Noornilo Nafees 86
 Deletion of elements in dictionary:
 Syntax:
 # To delete a particular element.
 del dictionary_name[key]
 # To delete all the elements
 dictionary_name.clear( )
 # To delete an entire dictionary
 del dictionary_name

Noornilo Nafees 87
 Program to delete elements from a dictionary and finally deletes the
dictionary.
 Dict = {'Roll No' : 12001, 'SName' : 'Meena', 'Mark1' : 98, 'Marl2' : 86}
 print("Dictionary elements before deletion: \n", Dict)
 del Dict['Mark1'] # Deleting a particular element
 print("Dictionary elements after deletion of a element: \n", Dict)
 Dict.clear() # Deleting all elements
 print("Dictionary after deletion of all elements: \n", Dict)
 del Dict # Deleting entire dictionary
 print(Dict)
 Output:
 Dictionary elements before deletion:
 {'Roll No': 12001, 'SName': 'Meena', 'Mark1': 98, 'Marl2': 86}
 Dictionary elements after deletion of a element:
 {'Roll No': 12001, 'SName': 'Meena', 'Marl2': 86}
 Dictionary after deletion of all elements:
 {}
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "E:/Python/Dict_Test_02.py", line 8, in <module>
 print(Dict)
 NameError: name 'Dict' is not defined Noornilo Nafees 88
 Write a program that prints the maximum and
minimum value in a dictionary.
 mydict = {"Ameen": 18, "Nilo": 10, "Nafees": 13}
 print("Data in Dictionary:\n",mydict)
 dmax = max(mydict, key=mydict.get)
 dmin = min(mydict, key=mydict.get)
 print("Maximum value:",dmax,":",mydict.get(dmax))
 print("Minimum value:",dmin,":",mydict.get(dmin))
 Output:
 Data in Dictionary:
 {'Ameen': 18, 'Nilo': 10, 'Nafees': 13}
 Maximum value: Ameen : 18
 Minimum value: Nilo : 10

Noornilo Nafees 89
 Difference between List and Dictionary:
 List is an ordered set of elements. But, a dictionary is a

data structure that is used for matching one element

(Key) with another (Value).
 The index values can be used to access a particular

element. But, in dictionary key represents index.

Remember that, key may be a number of a string.

Noornilo Nafees 90
 Points to remember:
 Python programming language has four collections of

data types such as List, Tuple, Set and Dictionary.

 A list is known as a “sequence data type”.
 Each value of a list is called as element.
 The elements of list should be specified within square

brackets.
 Each element has a unique value called index number

begins with zero.

 Python allows positive and negative values as index.
 Loops are used access all elements from a list.
 The “for” loop is a suitable loop to access all the

elements one by one.

Noornilo Nafees 91
 The append ( ), extend ( ) and insert ( ) functions are used to
include more elements in a List.
 The del, remove ( ) and pop ( ) are used to delete elements
from a list.
 The range ( ) function is used to generate a series of values.
 Tuples consists of a number of values separated by comma
and enclosed within parentheses.
 Iterating tuples is faster than list.
 The tuple ( ) function is also used to create Tuples from a list.
 Creating a Tuple with one element is called “Singleton”
tuple.
 A Set is a mutable and an unordered collection of elements
without duplicates.
 A set is created by placing all the elements separated by
comma within a pair of curly brackets.
 A dictionary is a mixed collection of elements.
Noornilo Nafees 92
 Module 5 – Quiz
 1. Pick odd one in connection with collection data type
 (a) List (b) Tuple (c) Dictionary (d) Loop
 2. Let list1=[2,4,6,8,10], then print(list1[-2]) will result

in (a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 6

 3. Which of the following function is used to count the

number of elements in a list?

 (a) count() (b) find() (c)len() (d) index()
 4. If List=[10,20,30,40,50] then List[2]=35 will result
 (a) [35,10,20,30,40,50] (b) [10,20,30,40,50,35]
 (c) [10,20,35,40,50] (d) [10,35,30,40,50]
 5. If List=[17,23,41,10] then List.append(32) will result
 (a) [32,17,23,41,10] (b) [17,23,41,10,32]
 (c) [10,17,23,32,41] (d) [41,32,23,17,10]
Noornilo Nafees 93
 6. Which of the following Python function can be used
to add more than one element within an existing list?
 (a) append() (b) append_more() (c)extend() (d) more()
 7. What will be the result of the following Python

code?
 S=[x**2 for x in range(5)]
 print(S)
 (a) [0,1,2,4,5] (b) [0,1,4,9,16] (c) [0,1,4,9,16,25] (d)

[1,4,9,16,25]
 8. What is the use of type() function in python?
 (a) To create a Tuple
 (b) To know the type of an element in tuple.
 (c) To know the data type of python object.
 (d) To create a list.
Noornilo Nafees 94
 9. Which of the following statement is not correct?
 (a) A list is mutable
 (b) A tuple is immutable.
 (c) The append() function is used to add an element.
 (d) The extend() function is used in tuple to add elements in a
list.
 10. Let setA={3,6,9}, setB={1,3,9}. What will be the result of the
following snippet?
 print(setA|setB)
 (a) {3,6,9,1,3,9} (b) {3,9} (c) {1} (d) {1,3,6,9}
 11. Which of the following set operation includes all the
elements that are in two sets but not the one that are common
to two sets?
 (a) Symmetric difference (b) Difference
 (c) Intersection (d) Union
 12. The keys in Python, dictionary is specified by
 (a) = (b) ; (c)+ (d) : Noornilo Nafees 95
 Module 5 : Hands on
 1. Write a program to remove duplicates from a list.
 Way1: Using temporary list
 my_list = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 4 ,6, 2]
 print("List Before removing duplicates ", my_list)
 temp_list = []
 for i in my_list:

◦ if i not in temp_list:
 temp_list.append(i)
 my_list = temp_list
 print("List After removing duplicates ", my_list)
 Output:
 List Before removing [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 4, 6, 2]
 List After removing duplicates [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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 Way2: Using set() function
 my_list = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 4 ,6, 2]
 print("List Before removing duplicates ", my_list)
 my_final_list = set(my_list)
 print("List After removing duplicates ", list(my_final_list))
 Output:
 List Before removing duplicates [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 4, 6, 2]
 List After removing duplicates [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

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 2. Write a program that prints the maximum value in
a Tuple.
 mytup1 = (23, 56, 2)
 print(“Maximum value of tuple is :”,max(mytup1))
 Output:
 Maximum value of tuple is :56

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 3. Write a program that finds the sum of all the
numbers in a Tuples using while loop.
 sum=0
 mytup1 = (10,20,30,40,50)
 print(“Numbers in the tuple are:",mytup1)
 i=0
 while(i<len(mytup1)):

◦ sum=sum+mytup1[i]
◦ i=i+1
 print("Sum of all the numbers in the tuple is:",sum)
 Output:
 Numbers in the tuple are: (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
 Sum of all the numbers in the tuple is: 150

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 4. Write a program that finds sum of all even numbers in a list.
Way 1:
 mylist=[]
 evenlist=[]
 n=int(input("Enter total count of numbers to be added in the
list:"))
 print("Enter the numbers one by one:")
 for i in range(1,n+1):
◦ i=int(input())
◦ mylist.append(i)
 print("Numbers in the list:",mylist)
◦ for i in range(0,len(mylist)):
◦ if(mylist[i]%2==0):
◦ evenlist.append(mylist[i])
 print("Even number in the list :",evenlist)
 print("Sum of even number in the list is:",sum(evenlist))
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 Output:
 Enter total count of numbers to be added in the list:6
 Enter the numbers one by one:
 10
 20
 30
 40
 50
 60
 Numbers in the list: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
 Even number in the list : [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
 Sum of even number in the list is: 210

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 Way 1:
 evenlist = list(range(2,11,2))
 print("List of even numbers in the list:",evenlist)
 print("Sum of even numbers in the list:",sum(evenlist))
 Output:
 List of even numbers in the list: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
 Sum of even numbers in the list: 30

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 5. Write a program that reverse a list using a loop.
 mylist=[10,20,30,40,50,"Ameen"]
 revlist=[]
 print("List of elements in the list :",mylist)
 for i in range(-1,-(len(mylist)+1),-1):

◦ revlist.append(mylist[i])
 print("List of elements in the list after
reversing:",revlist)
 Output:
 List of elements in the list : [10, 20, 30, 40, 50,

'Ameen']
 List of elements in the list after reversing: ['Ameen', 50,

40, 30, 20, 10]

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3
 6. Write a program to insert a value in a list at the specified
location.
 mylist=[10,20,30,40,50,"Ameen"]
 print("Elements in the list",mylist)
 print("Enter the index and value to be inserted one by one:")
 index=int(input())
 value=input()
 mylist.insert(index,value)
 print("Elements in the list after adding new element at specified
location :",mylist)
 Output:
 Elements in the list [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 'Ameen']
 Enter the index and value to be inserted one by one:
 5
 Nafees
 Elements in the list after adding new element at specified location :
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 'Nafees', 'Ameen']
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 7. Write a program that creates a list of numbers from
1 to 50 that are either divisible by 3 or divisible by 6.
 mylist=[]
 for i in range(1,51):

◦ if((i%3==0)or(i%6==0)):
 mylist.append(i)
 print("list of numbers from 1 to 50 that are either

divisible by 3 or divisible by 6 are:\n",mylist)

 Output:
 list of numbers from 1 to 50 that are either divisible by

3 or divisible by 6 are:
 [3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45,

48]

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 8. Write a program to create a list of numbers in the range 1 to 20.
Then delete all the numbers from the list that are divisible by 3.
 mylist=[]
 for i in range(1,21):
◦ mylist.append(i)
 print("list of numbers from 1 to 20:\n",mylist)
 for i in mylist:
◦ if(i%3==0):
 mylist.remove(i)
 print("list of numbers from 1 to 20 after\ndeleting all the numbers
from the list that are divisible by 3:\n",mylist)
 Output:
 list of numbers from 1 to 20:
 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
 list of numbers from 1 to 20 after
 deleting all the numbers from the list that are divisible by 3:
 [1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20]
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 9. Write a program that counts the number of times a
value appears in the list. Use a loop to do the same.
 mylist=[10,40,20,50,30,60,10,40,20,50,60,10]
 count=0print("List:",mylist)
 f=int(input("Enter a value to find no of times it appeared
in this list:"))
 for i in mylist:
◦ if(f==i):
 count+=1
 print(f,"appeared",count,"times")
 Output:
 List: [10, 40, 20, 50, 30, 60, 10, 40, 20, 50, 60, 10]
 Enter a value to find no of times it appeared in this list:10
 10 appeared 3 times
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 10. Write a program that prints the maximum and
minimum value in a dictionary.
 mydict = {"Ameen": 18, "Nilo": 10, "Nafees": 13}
 print("Data in Dictionary:\n",mydict)
 dmax = max(mydict, key=mydict.get)
 dmin = min(mydict, key=mydict.get)
 print("Maximum value:",dmax,":",mydict.get(dmax))
 print("Minimum value:",dmin,":",mydict.get(dmin))
 Output:
 Data in Dictionary:
 {'Ameen': 18, 'Nilo': 10, 'Nafees': 13}
 Maximum value: Ameen : 18
 Minimum value: Nilo : 10

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