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Group Presentation ICPS

Introduction to Computers. Group presentation pharmacy department. At Harare institute of Technology.

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Victor Matsvaire
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13 views23 pages

Group Presentation ICPS

Introduction to Computers. Group presentation pharmacy department. At Harare institute of Technology.

Uploaded by

Victor Matsvaire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Telecommunication

Media
PHARMACY GROUP 4
Introduction

“Telecommunication is the transmission of representations of information


between remote location by electronic means. This information maybe in
the form of voice, video or data generated by the computer”(Kenney,
1981).
Telecommunication Conti…

 Different media are employed for transmitting data from one


computer terminal to the central computer or to other computer
systems inside some kind of network.
 The communication media acts as a channel for linking various
computing devices so that they may interact with each other
Media Types

1. Wire (bounded) media/Guided media


 These are physical cables that signals travel through on a narrow
path.
 They are built on an external conductor rapped in a non
conductive material made jacket.
 They include;
a) Twisted pairs
b) Coaxial cables
c) Optical fibre
Media Types Conti….

2. Wireless(unbounded) Media/Unguided Media


 The signal is broadcast(radiated in many directions) over the air or
space and received through an antenna.
 They include;
a) Microwave transmission
b) Satellite transmission
Twisted Pairs Conti…

 These are cables with two copper wires of about 1mm thickness.
 They are twisted to avoid cross talk.
 They are of low frequency and support a limited band width(one
voice channel) but can also be used for data communication at the
lower speed of 300bps(bits per second).
 For higher speed, four wire leased lines can be used.
 Advantages – inexpensive and offers good performance over short
distances
 Disadvantage – has lower band width, has big attenuation.
Twisted Pairs
Coaxial Cables

 This is a solid or stranded copper cable surrounded by a dielectric


insulating material less than 1inch in diameter which carries messages
1. Base Band Cables
 They use digital transmission and are suitable for fairly short
distances.
 They have data rate of about 50Mb/s in half duplex mode
2. Broad Band Coaxial Cables
 They are suitable for long distance transmission(up to 15km) and can
support data rate of over 100Mb/s
 Can transmit at much higher frequencies and support wider band
width than twisted pairs.
Coaxial Cables cont…

 Suitable for higher quality bulk transmission of data at higher


speed as well as text, picture and voice e.g one such cable can
support the equivalent of 10800 telephone voice channels.
 Disadvantage – it is stiff therefore difficult to handle, high cost of
installing.
Coaxial Cables
Optical Fibre

 It is a transparent and flexible fibre made up of plastic or glass


which carries information in the form of light pulses from one end
of fibre to another.
 They can carry large volumes of data at high speed and are
resistance to interference. Thus they are clearer lines with less
noise.
Advantages
 very high band width.
 Thin, therefore they have less weight.
 Cannot corrode, not affected by corrosion .
Optical fibres Conti…

Disadvantages
 Very expensive
 Unidirectional (travels in one direction only)
NB. They are mostly used in telecommunication services such as the
internet, telephone, television and local area networks.
Optical Fibre
Microwave Transmission
Microwave Transmission

 It has the transmission of information(voice, data, television,


telephone or radio signals) by microwave radio wave.
 Microwaves are widely used for point-point communication
because their small wavelength allows conveniently sized antennas
to direct them in narrow beams which can be pointed directly at
the receiving antenna from transmitter to receive.
 Because microwave beam travels in a straight line, it is
advantageous to place microwave towers on hills or mountains
from land mass e.g. buildings.
 Towers are placed between 25-30 miles apart to remain in site of
each other.
 Mostly used for transmission of radio, TV and telephone signals.
Microwave Transmission Conti…

Advantages
 They require no right of way acquisition between towers.
 They have enormous band width. Transmission rate is about 16
Gigabit per second. Can take 250000 voice channels at the
equivalent time.
 Low cost land purchase. Each tower occupies only a small area.
 High frequency/short wavelength signals require small antenna.
Microwave Conti….

Disadvantage
 Microwaves cannot pass through obstacles like buildings.
 They is attenuation by solid objects like rain, snow, fog and
birds.
 They only work for very short distances. Transmission is limited
to the line of sight only.
 Consumes lot of power.
 Refracted from flat surfaces like water and metal.
 Can affect eyes(can cause cataracts, a clouding of the lens of the
eye that affect vision).
Satellite Transmission

 It is a relay of information between a geostationary satellite(36


000-80 000 km above the earth) and earth stations or terminals.
 A satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer
space. It uses microwave frequencies and techniques.
 A typical satellite link involves the transmission of a signal from a
earth station to a satellite.
 The satellite then receives and amplifies the signal and retransmit
it back to earth where it is received and reamplified by earth
stations and terminals.
Satellite Transmission
Satellite Transmission Conti…

 Satellite receivers on the ground include;


a) direct to home satellite equipment
b) mobile reception in aircraft
c) satellite telephones
d) handheld devices.
Satellite Transmission Conti…

Advantages
 Through satellite transmission, coverage over geographical area is quite
large mainly for sparsely populated areas.
 High bandwidth.
 Wireless and mobile communication applications can be easily established
by satellite communication independent of location.
 It is used in wide variety of applications such as global mobile
communication, private business networks, Long distance telephone
transmission, weather forecasting, radio/TV signal broadcasting, gathering
intelligence in military, navigation etc.
 Security in satellite transmission is usually provided by the coding and
decoding equipment.
Satellite Transmission Conti…

Disadvantages
 Initial expenditure is expensive.
 They are chances of blockage of frequencies.
 Propagation and interference.
Thank you
[email protected]

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