Ch-5 Landforms of The Earth

Landforms of the earth
Causes of Landform development

Identify the landforms
A Landform is a natural
feature of the earth.
Forces causing formation of landforms
PLATE TECTONICS
 The lithosphere is broken into several different small and big plates.
 Plates float on semi molten asthenosphere. The horizontal movement
of these plates is very slow. The plates push and collide or slide past
each other resulting in disturbance in the sedimentary rock deposits
lying in between two or more plates.
 The sedimentary rocks are compressed. This compression between
two or more plates causes folding of the rocks.
 Almost all the fold mountains have been formed this way. This is also
known as Orogenic Movement. This is been derived from the Greek
WORD “Orogenic‘ meaning “ Mountain building”.
Tectonic plates of the world
EXOGENIC FORCES
The forces which act on the surface of the
earth, not inside the earth, leading to
formation of landforms.
They are also described as Destructive forces
as they cause widespread destruction through
weathering and erosion of existing landform.
Tectonic Plates
Types of mountains
Video on: Formation of the Himalayas
Formation of Fold Mountains
Fold Mountain : A bent in rock strata resulting
from compression of an area of the earth’s
crust.
Anticline and Synclines
Characteristics of fold mountains
 Irregular wave like formation called folds, the arch like shape are
called anticlines or the crest and the downfold is known as
synclines or trough.
 Young mountains on the Earth’s surface.
 Most of them are made up of sedimentary rocks due to
deposition and consolidation of sediments.
Eg- Tethys in the case of Himalayas.
 Great height but width is less.
 Found on the margins of continents.
 Formation of Fold mountains:
The old fold mountains Urals and Aravallis
Peninsular Mountains of India
The young fold mountains: Rockies and Himalayas
Types of Fold Mountains
Young Fold Mountains Old Fold Mountains
1.They have been formed later than the old fold 1.They have been formed long ago much before the
mountains young fold mountains.
2.The Himalayas, Andes,Alps and Rockies are examples of 2.The Appalachians and the Urals and the Aravallis in
young fold mountains. India are few examples of the fold mountains.
3. They have steep slopes, deep valleys and sharp They are highly eroded by the agents of Gradation:
pointed, snow covered peaks. They have gentler slopes, rounded tops and sculptured
domes.
4.They are much higher than the old fold mountains and 4.They lower than the young fold mountains
have rough topography.
5. There are evidences of volcanic activities in them.
5. Volcanic activities are quite common in these areas.
Residual and Block

Mountains
RESIDUAL MOUNTAINS
 Residual Mountains: Mountains which have been eroded and
weathered for a long time are known as Residual Mountains
 Characteristics of residual Mountain
 Few of the resistant areas of the mountains may remain which
does not eroded by natural such as wind , water and snow.
 Also seen on plateaus formed due to the action of the river.
 The other name for them is“Mountains of Denudation”
Eg: Nilgiri, Parasnath and Rajmahal hills in India
Formation of Block mountains
Formation of Rift Valley
Formation of Block Mountains
Formation of Rift Valley
Plateau and its types, Plains

and its types
PLATEAUS
Plateau is defined as an area of high ground, 500 ft above the ground level.
The upper is generally flat is called table land.
The two types of plateaus-
 Intermontane and the Volcanic plateau
 Intermontane: The plateau between the two mountains is known as intermontane plateau.
 They are formed along with the fold mountains.
Eg: Tibetan Plateau, Columbian Plateau.
 Volacanic Plateau - They are formed due to the solidification of lava, during volcanic
eruptions.
Eg: Deccan plateau of India, Ethiopian plateau
Intermontane Plateau: Bolivian plateau
Lava plateau
Columbia
Plateau
PLAINS
 Plains as an extensive area of low land with a level or
gently undulating surface.
 Plains have endless variations, they occupy about one
third of the land surface. They are found everywhere
except for Antarctica.
 Many plains have been cleared for the vegetation reasons.
 Few plains are found along the sea coast, while others are
in the interior of continents.
STRUCTURAL PLAINS
Structural plains: These plains are formed due
to the uplift or subsidence of the land by the
diastrophic forces.
Eg:- The Great Plains of USA was formed due
to the uplift of land submerged
Great plains of USA
DEPOSITIONAL PLAINS
Depositional Plains:- They are formed by deposition of
material which have been brought by various agents of
transportation.
The different types of Depositional Plains are –
River Deposition- The most widespread of these are
alluvial plains like the northern plains of India.
Eg: Flood plains of Mississippi, The Great plains of India.
River depositional plains
WIND DEPOSITION
Wind Deposition:- They are irregular and
undulating surface made by existence of sand
dunes and hallows. Loess plains in China are
formed by deserts.
Wind deposition
MARINE DEPOSITIONS
 Marine Depositions:- These plains are found in coastal
regions. The coast of Germany in Denmark we find polders
and dykes.
 A polder is a piece of land reclaimed from the sea or lake.
The submerged land surrounded by an embankment (dyke)
and drained by pumping water into canals.
 Eg :- East Coast of India , Estuarine banks in Netherlands.
Marine deposition plains
The great plains
Importance of landforms
 The relief features like mountains, plateaus, plains add to the beauty of the Earth.
 Influencing the climate of one region . eg:- Direction of wind , precipitation as well as atmospheric
processes. Eg:- Himalayas act as a barrier to the southwest monsoon wind resulting in rainfall in
the country.
 Mountain and forms represent the relief features of the Earth.
ranges are abode of snow and glaciers, many source of perennial rivers.
 Different forests are found on the slopes of mountains, hills and plateaus. These are home to
different species of animals, birds, insects, etc.
 They also have the same features submerged in the water body . eg:- The Mariana Trench.
 Most minerals and fossil fuels come to the surface of the Earth due to the disturbances in the
interior of the Earth resulting in the formation of the major landforms.
Thank You

Ch-5 Landforms of The Earth

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Ch-5 Landforms of The Earth

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Landforms of the earth

Causes of Landform development

Residual and Block

Plateau and its types, Plains

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