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9 views21 pages

3 2

Uploaded by

Nabeel Rajput
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Enumeration

 Data type defined by users.


enum week { Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday };
week today;
today = Wednesday;
cout << "Day " << today+1;
Input and output

 For input and output, we use cin and cout respectively.


 Syntax for using cout is
cout<<“Hello world”;
or
cout<<name_variable;
 Where << is called insertion operator.
 Syntax for cin is
cin>>name_variable;
 Where >> is extraction operator.
cin and the get Function

• The get function


− Inputs next character (including whitespace)
− Stores in memory location indicated by its
argument
• The syntax of cin and the get function:

varChar
− Is a char variable
− Is the argument (parameter) of the function
char ch1, ch2; What is stored in ch1,
int num; ch2 and num if the input
is:
cin >> ch1 >> ch2 >> num;
A 25

char ch1, ch2; What is stored in ch1, ch2


int num; and num if the input is:
A 25
cin.get(ch1);
cin.get(ch2);
cin >> num;

char ch1, ch2;


int num; What is stored in ch1, ch2
and num if the input is:
cin >> ch1; A 25
cin.get(ch2);
cin >> num;
Arithmetic Operators
• C++ arithmetic operators:
− + addition
− - subtraction
− * multiplication
− / division
− % modulus operator
• +, -, *, and / can be used with integral and floating-
point data types.
• Operators can be unary (one operand) or binary (two
operands)
 % is modulus operator and is used to calculate remainder of a division.
 10%2 will results in 0
 13%2 will results in 1
 4%5 will results in 4
 20%7 will result in 6
 #include <iostream>
 #include<conio.h>
 using namespace std;

 void main()
 {
 cout << "-2 + 5 = " << -2 + 5 << endl;
 cout << "10 - 20 = " << 10 - 20 << endl;
 cout << "2 * 7 = " << 2 * 7 << endl;
 cout << "5 / 2 = " << 5 / 2 << endl;
 cout << "5.0 / 2 = " << 5.0 / 2 << endl;
 cout << "5 / 2.0 = " << 5 / 2.0 << endl;
 cout << "34 % 5 = " << 34 % 5 << endl;
 cout << "4 % 6 = " << 4 % 6 << endl;

 getch();
 }
Relational Operators

 Use to compare two variables/values.


 They return true(1) or false (0).
Comparing Characters
Logical Operators

 Use to combine logical expressions


Order of Precedence
• All operations inside of () are evaluated first
• *, /, and % are at the same level of
precedence and are evaluated next
• + and – have the same level of precedence
and are evaluated last
• When operators are on the same level
− Performed from left to right (associativity)
• 3 * 7 - 6 + 2 * 5 / 4 + 6 means
(((3 * 7) – 6) + ((2 * 5) / 4 )) + 6
Expressions

• If all operands are integers


− Expression is called an integral expression
• Yields an integral result
• Example: 2 + 3 * 5
• If all operands are floating-point
− Expression is called a floating-point
expression
• Yields a floating-point result
• Example: 12.8 * 17.5 - 34.50
Mixed Expressions

• Mixed expression:
− Has operands of different data types
− Contains integers and floating-point
• Examples of mixed expressions:
2 + 3.5
6 / 4 + 3.9
5.4 * 2 – 13.6 + 18 / 2
Mixed Expressions (continued)

• Evaluation rules:
− If operator has same types of operands
• Evaluated according to the type of the operands
− If operator has both types of operands
• Integer is changed to floating-point
• Operator is evaluated
• Result is floating-point
− Entire expression is evaluated according to
precedence rules
What is the output?
 #include <iostream>
 #include<conio.h>
 using namespace std;

 void main()
 {
 cout << "3 / 2 + 5.5 = " << 3 / 2 + 5.5 << endl;
 cout << "10.6 / 2 + 5 = " << 10.6 / 2 + 5 <<
endl;
 cout << "4 + 5 / 2.0 = " << 4 + 5 / 2.0 << endl;
 cout << "4 * 3 + 7 / 5 - 12.5 = "
 << 4 * 3 + 7 / 5 - 12.5
 << endl;

 getch();
 }

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